Medications Flashcards
Antidepressant 5 things it can treat
Used to treat major depressive illness, anxiety, bipolar patients in depression phase, and psychotic depression.
What does Antipsychotic aka neuroleptic treat
Also known as neuroleptic. It treats symptoms of psychosis such as delusions and hallucinations, the manic phase of bipolar, schizoaffective disorder
Anxiolytic
Used to treat anxiety, insomnia, OCD, depression, PTSD, and alcohol withdrawal.
Mood stabilizing drugs
To treat bipolar disorder and calms patients mood, it prevents the highs and lows that come with bipolar issues and treat acute phases of mania
Efficiency
How effective are the therapeutic effect of drug
Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPSs)
Neurological SE of antipsychotics/neuroleptics meds that are drug and dose-related; ex Dystonia, fake parkinsons and akathisia
How to treat EPSs
anticholinergics
What is half-life
The time it takes for half the drug to be eliminated from the blood
Antidepressants
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Celexa
Stops the reuptake of serotonin; it reduces depression, controls anxiety, and controls OCD
SE of SSRIs
Nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, nervousness, insomnia, abnormal dreams, headache, decreased libido, delayed ejaculation, tremors, sweating, fatigue, drowsiness, weight loss or gain, GI bleeding, hyponatremia
Antidepressants
Tricyclic(SEROTONIN AND NOREPINEPHRENE)
Sinequan, Elavil, Pamelor, Tofranil, Norpramin,
Anafranil
Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin; it reduces depression, helps with severe pain, and prevent panic attacks
SE of Tricyclic
Tremors, sexual impotence cardiac arrhythmias, anticholinergic effects, seizure threshold, photosensitivity. DON’T COMBINE IT WITH antiarrhythmic.
Antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)(serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine)
Parnate, Nardil, Marplan
This drug prevents the breakdown of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; it helps reduce depression and control anxiety
SE of MAOIs
Parnate, Nardil, Marplan
When combined with other drugs and tyramine containing foods, MAOIs can be toxic and can cause HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
What do we education pt on food that contain Tyramine
diet restrictions on tyramine foods to prevent HTN crisis
Tyramine containing products
Wine, cheese, preserved meats, beer, fats, chocolate
Medications to avoid when taking MAOIs
Tricyclics antidepressants, CNS depressants, anti-HTN, OTC cold meds, barbituates, antihistamines
Antidepressants
Selective SEROTONIN norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SSNRIs)
(Effexor, Fetzima, Cymbalta, Pristiq)
Stops the reuptake of serotonin without affecting other receptors
SE of Selective Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SSNRIs)
(Effexor, Fetzima, Cymbalta, Pristiq)
Nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, nervousness, insomnia, headache, diastolic hypertension, impotence
Serotonin syndrome
Is a life-threatening condition associated with increased serotonergic activity(aka too much serotonin) in the central nervous system
Causes of Serotonin Syndrome
MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs
SNRIs
Stimulants
Serotonin Agonists (ondansetron, granisetron)
Serotonin Modulators (nefazodone, vilazodone)
Herbal products (St. John’s wort)
Antimigraine agents (Triptans)
Atypical
Wellbutrin, Maprotiline, Desyrel
Anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines
Ativan Valium
Klonopin Librium
Xanax Restoril
Causes the effects of GABA to be stronger
Diet restrictions with Benzo
Limit coffee because it decreased the effect of medication and alcohol increases the effect of the med
Uses of Benzo
Controls:
Anxiety
Insomnia
Seizure disorders
Preoperative medication
Muscle spasms
Alcohol withdrawal
SE of Benzo
CNS depression
Anterograde amnesia (impaired recall of events that take place after dosing)
Paradoxical effects- a person experiences the opposite of what the drug is intended to do.
Respiratory depression
Tolerance
Physical dependence
Antipsychotics
Reduce anxiety, control s/s of schizophrenia decreases hallucinations and delusions; has rapid sedative effects
Education of antipsychotics
Take on empty stomach
Meds can be passed through milk and the fetus
Neuroleptics Typical meds
Thorazine
Haldol
Prolixin
Trilafon
Neuroleptics Atypical meds
Clozaril Clozapine
Risperdal Respiridone
Zyprexa Olanzapine
Geodon Ziprasidone
Abilify Aripiprazole
Invega Paliperidone
SE of Neuroleptics
Sedation
Postural hypotension
Sexual dysfunctions
Photosensitivity
Allergic skin reactions
Decreased seizure threshold
Anti cholinergic effects
Decreased BP
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
constipation
Urine retention
Severe/ deadly SE of Neuroleptics/antipsychotics
Agranulocytosis- the result of WBC count dropping to a decreased level-
Jaundice
Extrapyramidal Reactions
Pseudoparkinsonism
Akathesia
Akinesia or Bradykinesia
Dystonias
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)- rigidity, muscle breakdown, mute, fever tachycardia, sweaty, dilated pupils elevated BP or unstable
Tardive Dyskinesia
Educations for Antidepressants
Discontinue slowly
Takes 2-4 weeks to work
DO NOT combine with MAOIs
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium edu
Take regularly
Do not skimp on NA intake
Can pass through breastfeeding
Lithium therapeutic range and toxic range
1.0 to 1.5 mEq/L
1.5 mEq/L to higher
Anxiolytics Education
Don’t take it with other CNS depressants
Avoid taking it if pregnant or lactating
Use caution when administering to the elderly and clients with hepatic or renal dysfunction
Use caution when administering to individuals with a drug or drug addiction history
Antipsychotics Education- causes antichol effects
Can cause dry mouth – provide sugarless candy or gum
Can cause Blurred vision – teach that this will most likely subside
Can cause Constipation – high fiber diet
Can cause Urinary retention – report any problems urinating
Stimulants Nursing care/EDU
Overstimulation – assess mental status for changes in mood, level of activity, and aggressiveness
Anorexia, weight loss – administer medication immediately after meals. Weigh regularly.
Insomnia – administer last dose at least 6 hours before bedtime. Administer sustained release forms in the morning.
Herbal/supplements edu
Can interact with conventional drugs
May increase a toxic effect of the conventional drug
May decrease the therapeutic effects of the conventional drug
Examples of Herbal remedies and how they interact with regular meds
St. John’s Wort- can decrease the intended action.
Can accelerate the metabolism of many drugs causing a loss of therapeutic effect
Examples of Herbal remedies and how they interact with regular meds
Ginkgo Biloba- messes with blood clots so educate pt
Suppress platelet aggregation and increases the risk of bleeding in patients receiving antiplatelet drugs
Examples of Herbal remedies and how they interact with regular meds
Ma Huang (Ephedra)
Intensifies the effects of vasopressors, cardiac stimulants, and CNS stimulants. Also, counteracts the beneficial effects of antihypertensive drugs and CNS depressants.
