Biological theory Flashcards
Dopamine
neurotransmitter located primarily in the brain stem; has been found to be involved in the control of complex movements, motivation, cognition, and regulation of emotional responses
Epinephrine
derivative of norepinephrine, the most prevalent neurotransmitter in the nervous system, located primarily in the brain stem, and plays a role in changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness, and mood regulation
Functions include:
Regulation of
Mood
Cognition
Perception
Locomotion
Cardiovascular functioning
Sleep and arousal
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Psychoimmunology
examines the effect of psychosocial stressors on the body immune system
Computed tomography (CT)
a diagnostic procedure in which a precise x-ray beam takes cross-sectional images (slices) layer by layer
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
diagnostic test used to visualize soft tissue structures; energy field is created with a magnet and radio waves, and then converted into a visual image
Positron emission tomography (PET)
a diagnostic test used to examine the function of the brain by monitoring the flow of radioactive substances that are injected into the bloodstream
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
a diagnostic test used to examine the function of the brain by following the flow of an injected radioactive substance
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Neurotransmitter
the chemical substances that is stored in the axon manufactured in the neuron that aid in the transmission of information throughout the body
Psychoimmunology
examines the effect of psychosocial stressors on the body’s immune system
What is Serotonin
a neurotransmitter found only in the brain
Limbic system
Emotional system of the brain, feelings, sexuality and social behavior
Acetylcholine Function
Sleep
Arousal
Pain perception
Modulation and coordination of movement
Memory acquisition and retention
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Glutamate and Aspartate function
Relaying sensory information
Regulating various motor and spinal reflexes
GABA function
Prevention of postsynaptic excitation
Interruption of the progression of electrical impulses at the synaptic junction
What does altered GABA look like
Implicated in the etiology of anxiety disorders; the electrical impulses are being fired fast
Implicated in movement disorders and various forms of epilepsy
Dopamine 4 functions
Regulation of movement and coordination
Emotions
Voluntary decision-making ability
Release of prolactin
What does increased dopamine do
Mania and schizophrenia
What does decreased dopamine do
Depression and Parkinson’s
Serotonin Function
Sleep and arousal
Libido
Appetite
Mood
Aggression
Pain Perception
What can altered serotonin do to the mind
Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia
Too much acetylcholine causes
Depression
Not enough Acetylcholine in hippocampus causes
Dementia
Not enough serotonin causes
Depression, anxiety, OCD,
Not enough GABA causes
Anxiety
Too much norepinephrine causes; only one.
schizophrenia
Not enough norepinephrine or epinephrine causes
Depression
