Medications Flashcards
Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
Classification: NSAID
Indications: analgesic, dysmenorrhea, RA, headache, antipyretic
Contraindications: pregnancy, aspirin triad, GI bleed, CABG perioperative
Common SE: dizzyness, rash, nausea, GI pain, skin irritation
Severe SE: sepsis, intraventricular hemorrage, apnea, meningitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, convulsions, respiratory failure
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Classification: antiphsychotic
Indications: psychotic disorders (schizophrenia), severe behavior problems in children, hyperactive children, control of tics and vocal utterances (Tourette’s syndrome)
Contraindications: comatose or CNS depression, Parkinson’s, children < 3, lactation
Common SE: extrapyramidal symptoms, dizziness, drowsiness, GI upset, anorexia, dry mouth, constipation
Severe SE: convulsions, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, sudden death
Aspirin (Bayer, Ecotrin)
Classification: NSAID, analgesic, antipyretic
Indications: analgesic, antipyretic, anit-inflammatory, cardiovascular risks (MI, TIA, CABG), prevent cataracts
Contraindications: salycilate hypersensitivity, asthma, hay fever, nasal polyps, severe anemia, vit K def, anitcoag. therapy
Common SE: dyspepsia, nausea, epigastirc discomfort, dose-related toxic effects of salicylates, prolong bleeding, thirst
Severe SE: massive GI bleed, peptic ulcer, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, Reye’s syndrome
Extrapyramidal symptoms are
serious side-effects of antipsychotic and other drugs; extreme restlessness, involuntary movements, and uncontrollable speech
What are salicylates (hypersensitivity)?
a salt of salicylic acid (included in several commonly used drugs) can cause poisoning (coma, seizures, respiratory failure)
Ativan (lorazepam)
Classification: antianxiety drug and benzo
Indications: short-term relief of anxiety orders and depression, preanesthetic med to produce sedation, relief of anxiety and decreased ability to recall surgery, ^ inhibitory neurotransmitter activity of GABA
Contraindications: narrow-angle glaucoma, parenterally in children < 18,
Common SE: drowsiness, ataxia, confusion
Severe SE: classification: coma, suicide, resp depression, agranulocytosis
Aricept (donepezil)
Classification: Tx of Alzheimer’s
Indications: treatment of MILD to SEVERE dementia of Alzheimer’s, combined with memantine (Namenda) to lower the decline of mental physiological function in Alzheimer’s
Contraindications: h/s to piperidine derivitives; caution with asthma Hx, COPD, children not tested
Common SE: anorexia, diarrhea, fatigue, n&v, insomnia, muscle cramps, dizziness, headache, ecchymosis
Severe SE: seizures, hemorrhage, heart failure
ecchymosis
a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising (SE of aricept)
Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
CLASS: antihistamine
Indications: HSR of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis/sneezing from common cold, motion sickness, Parkinsonism (postencephalitic, arteriosclerotic, idiopathic), night-time sleep aid, antitussive (syrup only)
Action: high sedative, anticholinergic, anitemetic
Contraindications: children 6 and <, with other OTC diphenhydramine use
Common SE: drowsiness, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth/nose/throat, headache, anorexia, n&v, anxiety, GI upset, asthenia
Severe SE: classification: tonicclonic seizures, cardiac arrest, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, respiratory depression
asthenia
abnormal weakness or lack of energy (SE of benadryl)
anticholinergic
inhibiting the physiological action of acetylcholine, esp. as a neurotransmitter (action of benadryl)
Perennial allergies
are year-round, indoor allergies to things like dust, mold, cockroaches, feathers, and pet dander
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Classification: antihistamine, first generation, phenothiazine
Indications: perennial and seasonal allergic rhintits, allergic conjunctivitis, mild urticaria or angioedema, allergic relief to blood or plasma, anaphylactic reactions after acute symptoms controlled, pre or postoperative or obstetric sedation, anitemetic postop, adjunct to anastesia
Contraindications: lactation, omatose, CNS depression due to drugs, HSR phenothiazine, children < 2 y/o, acutely ill or dehydrated children, SC or intraarterial, asthma
Common SE: drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth, TINNITUS, n&v, PHOToSENSITIVITY
Severe SE: seizures, agranulocytosis, resp distress, apneas, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
What is agranulocytosis?
a deficiency of granulocytes in the blood, causing increased vulnerability to infection
Seroquel (quetiapine fumarate)
Classification: antipsychotic
Indications: schizophrenia, manic episodes (bipolar, alone or with lithium or divalproex), bipolar maintenance, depression assoc with bipolar, severe depression
Contraindications: lactation
Common SE: headache drowsiness, dizzyness, akathisia, hypotension, tachycardia, constipation, dry mouth, dyspepsia
Severe SE: CVA
akathisia
a state of agitation, distress, and restlessness that is an occasional side-effect of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs (Seroquel)
Namenda (memantine hydrochloride)
Classification: Alzheimer’s
Indications: MODERATE to SEVERE Alzheimer’s dementia, combined with Aricept decline of mental and physical function may be less
Contraindications: HSR to memantine lactose monohydrarte, conditions ^ urine pH
Common SE: fatigue, pain, ^ BP, dizziness, headace, constipation, vomiting, back pain, confusion, somnolence, hallucinations, coughing, dyspnea
Severe SE: cerebral hemorrhage, convulsions, intracranial hemorrhage, Suicidal Thoughts, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, cardiac failure/infarction, GI hemorrhage, cardiac arrest, 3rd degree block, tosades de pointes, emolism, apnea, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, sepsis, sudden death
Rivastigmine tartrate (Exexlon) Classification: Alzheimer's
Indications: mild to moderate AD, mild to moderate Parkinson’s
Contraindications: HSR rivastigmine or other carbamate derivatives, or other components of the product
Common SE: n&v, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, anorexia, wt loss, abd pain, insomnia, confusion, asthenia, dyspepsia, accidental trauma, fatigue, UTI, tremor
Severe SE: confuslions, cardiac failure, MI
Razadyne (galantamine)
Classification: Alzheimer’s
Indications: mild to moderate AD
Contraindications: HSR to galantamine or other components, use with severe hepatic or renal impairment, lactation, children
Common SE: dry mouth, headache, depression, dizziness, insomnia, n&v, fever, malaise, anorexia, diarrhea, wt decrease, dyspepsia, UI, UTI, fatigue/lethargy, syncope
Severe SE: rectal hemorrhage, esophageal perforation, convulsions, suicide, cardiac failure, MI, myocardial infarction,
A client starts Zyloprim, what indicates effective teaching?
Allopurinol
Take immediately after meal, no OJ (urine becomes acidic), drink at least 8 glasses of water.
What do you do with low potassium 3.2 while taking lasix and aldactone?
Continue aldactone (spironalactone) it is K+ sparing, discontinue lasix (furosemide) it is K+ wasting.
Client complains of RLE pain. Dr orders codeine 60 mg and aspirin grains X PO q4h. Each codeine tablet contains 15 mg of codeine and ASA tablet contains 325 mg. What is the correct amount.
grains X = (grain=60mg)(X=10) = 600mg = 1.8 tabs
4 codeine tabs and 2 tylenol tabs
elixir
drug preparation, sweetened and aromatic sln of alcohol (syrup) used as a vehicle for medicinal agents
liniment
medication mixed with alcohol, oil, or soapy emollient and applied to the skin
tincture
an alcoholic or water-and-alcohol sln prepared from drugs derived from plants
