Medications Flashcards
What is the treatment for acute oral poisoning or drug overdose?
activated charcoal
diazepam for cocaine toxicity
naloxone for opioid toxicity
What is the treatment for a cardiac arrest?
Adrenaline (1 milligram in 10ml) improves blood flow for more effective CPR
Amiodarone to treat arrhythmias of the heart
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?
- Adrenaline (1 milligram in 1ml)
- chlorphenamine is an antihistamine
- hydrocortisone calms immune system
- salbutamol dilates airways
What is the treatment for myocardial ischaemia / angina?
- GTN to dilate coronary arteries and increase oxygenated blood flow to the heart
- salbutamol reduces BP by preventing an increase in heart rate and constricting of blood vessels
- or felodipine/amlodipine which reduces the workload for the heart
What is the treatment for inflammation?
Aspirin helps with blood clots and fever
Ibruprofen also helps with pain
What is the treatment for fevers?
Aspirin reduces substances that cause pain, fever and inflammation
What is the treatment for symptomatic bradycardia?
Atropine sultans blocks the nervous systems impact on the heart to increased contractions
What is the treatment for meningococcal disease?
benzylpeniccilin
What is the treatment for allergic reactions?
chlorphenamine is an antihistamine and in blocking histamine, reduces the effects of inflammation, sneezing, runny nodes etc caused by allergies
What is the treatment of a STEMI?
- GTN to dilate coronary arteries and increase oxygenated blood flow to the heart
- Morphine provides pain relief and depression of heart rate and output
- Aspirin thins the blood, preventing the blood from clotting
- Oxygen
- Clopidogrel reduces clot formation (300mg tablet form) dose of 600mg
- Heparin with tenecteplase prevents blood clot formation
What is the treatment for croup?
dexamethasone is a corticosteroid which prevents inflammation
What is the treatment for convulsions (seizures)?
A seizure is a burst of electrical activity in the brain that affects function. Midazolam slows the electrical activity in the brain.
What is the treatment for severe pain?
Nitrous oxide/entonox
morphine
What is the treatment for heart failure?
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that limits water reabsorption in the kidneys. Less water will help with the hypertension and oedema caused by heart failure
What is the treatment for pulmonary oedema?
furosemide is a loop diuretic that limits water reabsorption in the kidneys. Therefore less fluid for oedema
What is the treatment for high blood pressure?
felodipine
amlodipine
furosemide limits water reabsorption, meaning less fluid
What is the treatment for severe asthma?
Hydrocortisone calms immune system response (severe)
ipratropium blocks muscarinic receptors of the airways (very severe)
salbutamol dilates airways for breathing
adrenaline (1mg in 1ml) temporary bronchial dilation
What is the treatment for hypoglycaemia?
Glucose 10% when oral is not possible
Glucagon
Glucose 40% oral gel when oral is possible
What is the treatment for mild pain?
ibruprofen and
paracetemol both provide pain relief
What is the treatment for pyrexia (high body temperature)?
Ibruprofen reduces the hormones that cause the fever response
What is the treatment for nausea and vomiting?
metoclopramide is an antagonist to dopamine receptors so it prevents it from binding and causing vomiting
ondansetron blocks serotonin which causes vomiting
What is the treatment for postpartum heamorrhage?
Misoprostol
synometrine causes the uterus to contract to control bleeding after birth
What is the treatment for worsened COPD?
salbutamol opens the lowers airways
What is the treatment for wheezing?
Salbutamol opens the lower airways
What is the treatment for low fluids?
Sodium chloride 0.9%
Sodium lactate compound if sodium chloride is unavailable
What is the treatment for severe bleeding?
tranexamic acid prevents clots from breaking down
What can be used to prevent stomach ulcers?
Misoprostol
