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Paramedic science - April OSCE > Injections > Flashcards

Injections Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 5 Ds to check before giving any drug?

A 
Date
Dose
Drug
Damage
Dose
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2
Q

What 2 things beside the 5 Ds should be checked before giving any drug?

A

Contraindications - blood-thinning or bleeding disorders

Allergies

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3
Q

If you have a sharp who is responsible for disposing it?

A

You are

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4
Q

Where should you dispose of a sharp?

A

Sharp bin

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5
Q

When should you dispose of a sharp?

A

ASAP

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6
Q

Should you pass a sharp to another person?

A

No

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7
Q

What are the 4 steps to take after a needle stick injury?

A

Bleed the site
Wash the site
Cover it
Report it

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8
Q

What are subcutaneous injections?

A

Injected between the fat and muscle of the skin

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9
Q

What are 3 key characteristics of subcutaneous injections?

A

Slow releasing
Small volumes
Water-soluble drugs only

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10
Q

What are 3 examples of contraindications of subcutaneous injections?

A

No infection, oedema or poor perfusion

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11
Q

Where are the 3 sites for subcutaneous injections?

A

Side of the arm
Front of the thigh
Umbilical region

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12
Q

What does gauge refer to in terms of needles?

A

The diameter of the needle

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13
Q

What is the range of gauge for needles and what do they mean?

A

Normally range from 22-25G. The higher the number, the smaller the gauge

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14
Q

What 3 things determine the needle selection?

A

Patient size, age

Skin density

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15
Q

What 3 things impact drug absorption?

A

Blood flow to skin
Exercise
Environmental temperature

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16
Q

What is aspirating?

A

Drawing back on the needle, to see if blood comes back and to ensure a blood vessel hasn’t been hit

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17
Q

What is the appropriate angle of injection?

A

45 (minimal fat) - 90 degrees (more fat)

18
Q

What are the 7 parts of the pre-procedure to perform an injection?

A
  • Explain and gain consent
  • check for allergies
  • 5 D’s for drug administration
  • Assemble syringe and drawing up needle and withdraw drug (no air bubbles)
  • dispose drawing up needle, and apply appropriate - sized needle
  • Position patient
  • Check for any marks of damage to site
19
Q

What are the 4 steps to prepare a patient right before injecting?

A
  • Clean hands and gloves
  • ensure site is clean
  • talk about procedure
  • Pinch skin, at correct angle
20
Q

What are the 5 steps when injecting a patient

A 
Inject slowly 
Wait up to 10 seconds to allow drug to diffuse
Dispose of sharps
Ensure patient is comfy
Record drug administration info
21
Q

What is IM and why is it used?

A
  • Intra muscular deposited into muscle tissue

- Rapid absorption with prolonged duration of action

22
Q

What volumes are used for IM injection?

A

1-5ml (small to larger muscles)

23
Q

What are the 3 sites of IM?

A 
Deltoid
Vastus laterals (side of leg) 
rectus femoris (front of thigh)
24
Q

How to find injection site for deltoid IM?

A

2cm below acromion process

25
Q

Where would you give an IM injection to a child?

A

Vastus lateralis

26
Q

How to find injection site for Rectus femoris IM?

A

halfway between patella and superior iliac crest

27
Q

How to find injection site for Vastus lateralis?

A

Hands width from greater trochanter

28
Q

Why would the deltoid be an unsuitable site for IM?

A

Can only inject up to 1ml at deltoid

29
Q

What is Z-tracking and why is it done?

A

Stretch the skin before and whilst inserting needle. Stretches the skin so the entrance site is covered when the skin moves back

30
Q

What are 3 advantages of Z-tracking?

A
  • minimise leakage of drug at site
  • minimise pain
  • less side effects
31
Q

What should be done if you have a needle stick injury?

A

bleed site, wash site, cover it, report it, seek support for you and the patient

32
Q

What are 3 different types of drug presentation?

A

pre-filled
vial
powdered
fluid bag

33
Q

What are 3 different routes of drug administration?

A

IM
IV
subcutaneous
oral

34
Q

What factors are considered in needle size selection?

A

patient size
skin density
muscle mass
patient weight

35
Q

What are possible complications of subcutaneous or IM injections?

A

abscesses
lipohypertrophy
bleeding
pain

36
Q

What factors can impact drug absorption?

A

blood flow to the skin
exercise
environmental temperature

37
Q

What are contraindications to a site selection?

A

oedema
inflammation
poor perfusion
infection

38
Q

Can you identify the medicine legislation that allows paramedics to assess and administer medications?

A

schedule 17 and schedule 19
misuse of drugs regulations
patient group directives

39
Q

What is the red needle for?

A

drawing up needle

40
Q

What is the green needle for?

A

largest needle for muscular guys or fat

41
Q

What is the blue needle for?

A

Medium size, overall good for all

42
Q

What is the orange needle for?

A

Smallest needle for peadiatrics or subcutaneous

Paramedic science - April OSCE (19 decks)

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