Medications Flashcards
Antiemetics, Common Medications, Drug Formulas, Anti Reflux
What is the formula for drug calculations?
prescribed dose X unit volume divided by unit/medication strength = volume to give (mls)
or
what you want divided by what you’ve got, multiple volume divided by 1 = amount to give (mls)
What medication should you have precautions about prescribing with a history of asthma?
Ibuprofen
What is drip rate?
The number of drops that enter the filling chamber each minute determining the speed at which fluid enters the patient.
How do you calculate the drip rate?
- First calculate the ml/hr = (what you want to give divided by time frame in hours ) e.g 1000ml /8hrs = 125ml/hr
- Then calculate ml/min = (ml/hr divided by 60 mins) e.g 125ml/60 = 2ml/min
- standard giving set = 20 drops in 1ml - Therefore 2ml x 20 drops = 40 drops/min
What antibiotic and dosing regimen is used for treating mastitis?
Flucloxacillin PO 500mg every 6 hours (QID) for 10 - 14 days 30 minutes before food
Alternative medication for treating mastitis if allergy to pencillin
Erythromycin
What type of medication is Mylanta and what is it used for?
An antacid used for heartburn
What is the dose of Mylanta?
600mg 4X daily between meals
What is the dosing regime for Acidex?
10 - 20ml QID after meals
What is the dosing regime for Gaviscon?
1 - 2 tablets after meals up to QID
What is a bulk laxative used in pregnancy?
Psyllium - Konsyl-D powder
How does a bulk laxative work?
Creates bulk using large intakes of water (osmotic action)
What is the dosing regime for psyllium?
6.5g in 25ml of water up to TDS (3x daily). Followed by 250ml of fluid
How does a stool softener work?
It is a surface detergent that allows water and fat to enter the stool to soften it
What is a stool softener recommended in pregnancy / postpartum?
Laxtulose
What is the dosing regime of lactulose?
15ml BD (2x daily)
What is the first line treatment for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy?
Metoclopramide
What is the dosing regime for metoclopramide?
5 - 10mg TDS (8 hourly). Maximum use of up to 5 days, risk of dystonic reaction in mother
What are second line treatments for nausea and vomiting?
Cyclizine (nausicalm)
Ondanestron (Zofran)
Prochlorperazine (Stemetil)
What is the dosing regime for cyclizine
25 - 50mg TDS
What is the dosing regime for ondanestron?
4 - 8mg 8 - 12 hourly
What trimester is ondansetron not recommended and why?
First trimester due to increases associated with cleft palate
What is the dosing regime for prochlorperazine?
25mg 12 hourly or 5 - 10mg 6 - 8 hourly
What are the concerns with high doses of prochlorperazine in the third trimester?
Have caused prolonged neurological disturbances in the neonate
What antibiotics are used for treating asymptomatic UTIs?
Amoxicillin, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin
Is amoxicillin a narrow or broad spectrum antibiotic?
Narrow
What antibiotics are used for treating symptomatic UTIs?
Nitrofuratin, trimethoprim, augmentin, cefaclor
What is the dose of nitrofuratin?
50mg 6 hourly for 5 days (not 3rd trimester)
What is the dose of trimethoprim?
300mg once daily at night for 3 days (not 1st trimester)
What is the dose of augmentin?
625mg TDS for 7 days (not with risk of PTL)
What affects the absorption of iron?
Antiacids and coffee
Antacids are used in pregnancy to manage heartburn as it:
Helps to neutralise stomach acids
Prior to recommending or prescribing Antacids after 20 weeks of pregnancy, you should check:
Symptoms of preeclampsia, e.g. blood pressure, fetal growth, urine analysis
