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Pharmacology 1 > Medication- General Terms & Rules > Flashcards

Medication- General Terms & Rules Flashcards

1
Q

Timing of Medications

Onset

A

Onset = time of the drug to start working within the body

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2
Q

Timing of Medications

Peak

A

Peak: time when the drug is working its best

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3
Q

Timing of Medications

Duration

A

Duration: the length of time the drug has a high enough concentration to be “therapeutic”

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4
Q

Timing of Medications

Half-Life

A

Half-Life: the time it takes for ½ of the drug to be eliminated

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5
Q

Timing of Medications

General rule of a drug’s ½ life

A

The longer the ½ lifef, the more medication is still in the body

(longer effect)

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6
Q

Goals of Drug Therapy

  1. Maintain a ______(1)_____ or ______(2)______ of medication in the blood.
  2. Avoid too ____(3)____ or too ______(4)____ of the drug for the patient.
  3. _______what it’s suppose to do.
A
  1. Therapeutic Index
  2. Therapeutic Level
  3. little
  4. much
  5. do
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7
Q

Reasons for Treatment with Medications

Have a problem now that needs treatment, meds will cure problem

A

Acute needs

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8
Q

Reasons for Treatment with Medications

On-going need

Ex. to keep BP under control, birth control, etc.

A

Maintenance needs

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9
Q

Reasons for Treatment with Medications

Add to body’s actions

Ex: insulin, vitamins

A

Supplemental needs

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10
Q

Reasons for Treatment with Medications

Keep the patient comfortable, not expecting a cure

A

Palliative needs

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11
Q

Reasons for Treatment with Medications

Preventative medications

ex: antibiotics for surgery, birth control

A

Prophylactic needs

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12
Q

Monitoring Medications

The more medications a patient has in his/her system at once the _______(1)_____ chance of drug _____(2)_____!

A
  1. increased
  2. interactions
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13
Q

Monitoring Medications

Drug interactions can be _____(1)_____, ______(2)_____, or _____(3)_____.

A
  1. small
  2. large
  3. life threatening
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14
Q

Monitoring Medications

Adverse Drug Effect/ Side Effect

A

Unwanted effects, produced by the therapeutic level of the drug

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15
Q

Monitoring Medications

Characterisitics of Adverse Effects/ Side Effect

A
  • Usually predictable (nausea, drowsiness)
  • MD probably won’t change the drug because of the side effects
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16
Q

Monitoring Medications

Toxic Effects/ Poisoning

A

Avoidable side effect because the dose was too high

17
Q

Monitoring Medications

Characteristics of Toxic Effects/ Poisoning

A
  • Also called an “over dose”
  • Effects are usually exaggerated effect of the desired action
    • Will happen in all cases is the dose is high enough
    • Ex: Digoxin - slows heart rate…death
18
Q

Monitoring Medications

Additive Effects

A

Two medications with similar actions given together

19
Q

Monitoring Medications

Characteristics of additive effects

A
  • Can often get by with smaller doses of each drug
    • Ex: Tylenol & codeine
20
Q

Monitoring Medications

Synergistic Effects

A

Two drugs given together that makes the effect greater than if alone

21
Q

Monitoring Medications

Characteristics of synergistic effects

A
  • Can be good or bad!
    • Bad- Valium & alcohol can depress the CNS causing death
    • Good- Demerol & Vistaril together give longer pain relief
22
Q

Monitoring Medications

Anatagonistic Effect

A

Two drugs given together work against each other so the effect is less than expected

ex: Alcohol and “speed”

23
Q

Monitoring Medications

Incompatibility

A

Two drugs given (often mixed in an IV or syringe) together reach chemically to deteriorate the drugs

24
Q

Monitoring Medications

Characteristics of incompatibility

A
  • May have cloudiness, precipitate (clumping) or change in color
  • Ex: dextrose and human blood preservative
25
Q

Monitoring Medications

Allergic Reaction

A

A reaction that triggers the person’s immune system

26
Q

Monitoring Medications

Characteristics of allergic reaction

A
  • Histamine and inflammation are triggered
  • Unique to an individual
  • Can be mild or life threatening
27
Q

Pharmacoeconmics

A

The study of the econmic factors influencing the cost of the drug therapy

28
Q

What is this an example of?

Performing a cost-benefit analysis of one antibiotic versus another when competing drugs are considered for inclusion in a hospital formulary.

Can a patient afford the specific medication or does another medication have the same treatment outcome data?

A

Pharmacoeconmics

29
Q

What is this?

  • Accidental or Intentional?
  • Ingested or Inhaled?
  • Call the Poison Control Center
  • Look at “Red Flags for Drug Abuse”
A

Acute poisoning

30
Q

What are the 7 parts of a drug label?

DEMAND

A
  1. Directions
  2. Expiration date
  3. Manufacturer
  4. Aministration route
  5. Name of the drug
    1. Generic
    2. Trade
  6. Dosage strength
    1. Amount per pill or per vial (mL)

Pharmacology 1 (15 decks)

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