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Pharmacology 1 > Anti-Infectives > Flashcards

Anti-Infectives Flashcards

1
Q

Can all microbes be completely eliminated from the body?

A

No

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2
Q

We have ___________ of (good) bacteria and _______ in our body.

A

normal flora

yeast

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3
Q

What is an infection?

A
  1. Invasion of bacteria, virus, or fungus that does not normally occur in that body
  2. Overgrowth of “naturally occuring organisms” in a compromised host
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4
Q

Invasion of bacteria, virus, or fungus that does not normally occur in that body

-and-

Overgrowth of “naturally occuring organisms” in a compromised host

Both _______ the body’s ability to help fight ______

A

overwhelm

pathogen

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5
Q

Anti-infectives

A

Help fight infections

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6
Q

________, ________, _________ and ________ all cause infections, but must be treated differently.

A

Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus

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7
Q

Drug to Remember:

Carbapenems

A

Impenem/ Cilastrin (primaxin)

(im-pen-em)/ (ce-last-rin)/(pri-max-in)

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8
Q

Drug to Remember:

Aminoglycosides

(amino-glyco-sides)

A

Gentamicin

(gent-am-i-cin)

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9
Q

Drug to Remember:

Quinolones

(quin-o-lones)

A

Ciprofloxacin (cipro)

(ci-pro-flo-ac-cin)

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10
Q

Drug to Remember:

Clindamycin

(clin-da-my-cin)

A

Clindamycin

(clin-da-my-cin)

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11
Q

Drug to Remember:

Vancomycin

(van-co-my-cin)

A

Vancomycin

(van-co-my-cin)

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12
Q

Drug to Remember:

Metronidazole

(metro-ni-daz-ole)

A

Flagyl

(flag-yl)

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13
Q

Drug to Remember:

Sulfonamides

(sulf-ona-mides)

A

Suflamethoxazole (Bactrim)

(sulf-a-meth-ox-a-zole)/ (bac-trim)

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14
Q

Drug to Remember:

Macrolides

(macro-lides)

A

Erythromycin

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15
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Action

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall sythesis

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16
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriocidal

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17
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Works on what type of bacteria?

A
  • Gram (+)
  • Gram (-)
  • Some anaerobic
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18
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Number of Generations

A

5 generations of drugs that cover more and more

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19
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Common Side Effect

A

Diarrhea

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20
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Used Against

A
  • Gram (+)
  • Gram (-)
  • Some anaerobic bacteria
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21
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Contraindications

Because cephalosporin is chemically very similar to penicillin, if______________, will be allergic to this type too!

A

Allergic to penicillin

“Cross-Sensitivity”

22
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Drugs to Remember (2)

A

Cefazolin sodium (Ancef)

(ce-fa-zo-lin)

(an-cef)

-&-

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

(ce-fox-i-tin)

(me-fox-in)

23
Q

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

Good for what type of bacteria

A

Good for anaerobic bacteria

Cephalosporin

24
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Very chemically similiar to _________!

A

Penicillin

25
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Defining characteristic

A

Has the broadest action of all antibiotics we currently have

26
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Action

A

Inhibits cell wall sythesis

27
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriocidal

28
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Uses

Reserved for _______________ of (2) infections)

A

Complications

  1. Organ/body infections
  2. Connective tissue infections
29
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Only given via _______

30
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Must be infused over ________

A

60 minutes

31
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Side Effects to Watch For:

A

Drug induced seizures

(not common)

32
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Contraindications:

If allergic to _________, may be allergic to this type too. But only if allergy is to the level of _________.

A

penicillin

anaphylaxis

(ana-phy-lax-is)

33
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Drug to Remember:

A

Imipenem/Cilastrin (Primaxin)

(im-i-pen-em)

(cil-as-trin)

(pri-max-in)

34
Q

Carbapenems

(carb-a-pen-ems)

Imipenem is the _________

Cilastrin (Primaxin) ________ quick breakdown by the ________

A

Imipenem = antibiotic

Cilastrin (Primaxin) = inhibits

35
Q

Macrolides

(macro-lides)

Actions (2)

A
  1. Inhibits protein synthesis
  2. Binds to ribosomes and prevents production of proteins
36
Q

Macrolides

(macro-lides)

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

37
Q

Macrolides

(macro-lides)

Problem

A

Easily destroyed by HCl-usually coated to prevent this

38
Q

Macrolides

(macro-lides)

Uses (3)

A
  1. Lyme disease
  2. STDs
  3. Respiratory infections
39
Q

Drug to Remember:

Penicillin

A
  • Penicillin G
  • Ampicillin
40
Q

Drug to Remember:

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

A

Cefazolin sodium (Ancef)

(cef-a-zo-lin)

-and-

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

(ce-fox-i-tin)/ (me-fox-in)

42
Q

Macrolides

Actions

A

Inhibits protein synthesis- binds to ribosomes and prevents production of protein

43
Q

Macrolides

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

44
Q

Macrolides

Problem with using

A

Easily destroyed by HCl

-usually coated to prevent this

45
Q

Macrolides

Uses

A
  • Respiratory infections
  • Lyme disease
  • Sexually transmitted infections
46
Q

Macrolides

S/E

A

Can cause severe GI distress

47
Q

Macrolides

Can it be used with other medications?

A

No, b/c it interacts with several common medications

not good for taking anything else

48
Q

Macrolides

Drugs to Remember

A

Erythromycin (good w/food)

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

49
Q

Bacteriocidal

“Queen Victoria counsels counselors at CAMP”

A
  1. Quinolones
  2. Vancomycin
  3. Cephalosporins
  4. Carbapenems
  5. Clindamycin
  6. Aminoglycosides
  7. Metronidazole
  8. Pencillin
50
Q

Bacteriostatic

“My CaTS”

A
  1. Macrolides
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Tetracyclines
  4. Sulfonamides
51
Q

Most antifungal medications work by:

  • Bind to ___(1)____ of fungi and leaks out the ____(2)____ and ____(3)____ (____(4)__results)
  • Inhibits ____(5)____
  • Decreases ______(6)_____
A
  1. cell membrane
  2. potassium
  3. magnessium
  4. cell death
  5. mitosis
  6. cell replication
52
Q

Uses of antifungal medications

  • Treatment of _____(1)_____ and ______(2)_____
  • Fungal infections are often _____(3)_____ in the ______(4)_______
  • _____(5)______ causes many ___(6)_____ and many drug __(7)____
A
  1. molds
  2. yeast infections
  3. opportunistic
  4. immuno-compromised
  5. Systemic use
  6. side effects
  7. interactions

Pharmacology 1 (15 decks)

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