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Pharmacology 1 > Anti-Infectives > Flashcards

Anti-Infectives Flashcards

1
Q

Can all microbes be completely eliminated from the body?

A

No

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2
Q

We have ___________ of (good) bacteria and _______ in our body.

A

normal flora

yeast

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3
Q

What is an infection?

A
  1. Invasion of bacteria, virus, or fungus that does not normally occur in that body
  2. Overgrowth of “naturally occuring organisms” in a compromised host
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4
Q

Invasion of bacteria, virus, or fungus that does not normally occur in that body

-and-

Overgrowth of “naturally occuring organisms” in a compromised host

Both _______ the body’s ability to help fight ______

A

overwhelm

pathogen

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5
Q

Anti-infectives

A

Help fight infections

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6
Q

________, ________, _________ and ________ all cause infections, but must be treated differently.

A

Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus

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7
Q

Drug to Remember:

Carbapenems

A

Impenem/ Cilastrin (primaxin)

(im-pen-em)/ (ce-last-rin)/(pri-max-in)

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8
Q

Drug to Remember:

Aminoglycosides

(amino-glyco-sides)

A

Gentamicin

(gent-am-i-cin)

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9
Q

Drug to Remember:

Quinolones

(quin-o-lones)

A

Ciprofloxacin (cipro)

(ci-pro-flo-ac-cin)

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10
Q

Drug to Remember:

Clindamycin

(clin-da-my-cin)

A

Clindamycin

(clin-da-my-cin)

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11
Q

Drug to Remember:

Vancomycin

(van-co-my-cin)

A

Vancomycin

(van-co-my-cin)

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12
Q

Drug to Remember:

Metronidazole

(metro-ni-daz-ole)

A

Flagyl

(flag-yl)

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13
Q

Drug to Remember:

Sulfonamides

(sulf-ona-mides)

A

Suflamethoxazole (Bactrim)

(sulf-a-meth-ox-a-zole)/ (bac-trim)

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14
Q

Drug to Remember:

Macrolides

(macro-lides)

A

Erythromycin

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15
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Action

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall sythesis

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16
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriocidal

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17
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Works on what type of bacteria?

A
  • Gram (+)
  • Gram (-)
  • Some anaerobic
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18
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Number of Generations

A

5 generations of drugs that cover more and more

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19
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Common Side Effect

A

Diarrhea

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20
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Used Against

A
  • Gram (+)
  • Gram (-)
  • Some anaerobic bacteria
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21
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Contraindications

Because cephalosporin is chemically very similar to penicillin, if______________, will be allergic to this type too!

A

Allergic to penicillin

“Cross-Sensitivity”

22
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Drugs to Remember (2)

A

Cefazolin sodium (Ancef)

(ce-fa-zo-lin)

(an-cef)

-&-

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

(ce-fox-i-tin)

(me-fox-in)

23
Q

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

Good for what type of bacteria

A

Good for anaerobic bacteria

Cephalosporin

24
Q

Cephalosporins

(cep-halo-spor-ins)

Very chemically similiar to _________!

A

Penicillin

25
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Defining characteristic**
Has the **broadest action** of all antibiotics we currently have
26
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Action**
Inhibits **cell wall sythesis**
27
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?**
Bacteriocidal
28
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Uses** Reserved for _______________ of (2) infections)
**Complications** 1. Organ/body infections 2. Connective tissue infections
29
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Only given via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
IV/IM
30
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Must be infused over \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
60 minutes
31
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Side Effects to Watch For:**
Drug induced seizures | (not common)
32
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Contraindications:** If allergic to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, may be allergic to this type too. But only if allergy is to the level of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
penicillin anaphylaxis (ana-phy-lax-is)
33
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Drug to Remember:**
**Imipenem/Cilastrin (Primaxin)** (im-i-pen-em) (cil-as-trin) (pri-max-in)
34
**Carbapenems** ## Footnote (carb-a-pen-ems) **Imipenem** is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Cilastrin (Primaxin)** ________ quick breakdown by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Imipenem = antibiotic Cilastrin (Primaxin) = inhibits
35
**Macrolides** ## Footnote (macro-lides) **Actions (2)**
1. Inhibits **protein synthesis** 2. Binds to **ribosomes** and **prevents** production of **proteins**
36
**Macrolides** ## Footnote (macro-lides) **Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?**
Bacteriostatic
37
**Macrolides** ## Footnote (macro-lides) **Problem**
Easily **destroyed by** **HCl**-usually **coated** to prevent this
38
**Macrolides** ## Footnote (macro-lides) **Uses (3)**
1. Lyme disease 2. STDs 3. Respiratory infections
39
_Drug to Remember:_ ## Footnote **Penicillin**
* Penicillin G * Ampicillin
40
_Drug to Remember:_ **Cephalosporins** (cep-halo-spor-ins)
**Cefazolin sodium (Ancef)** (cef-a-zo-lin) -and- **Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)** (ce-fox-i-tin)/ (me-fox-in)
41
42
Macrolides Actions
Inhibits protein synthesis- binds to ribosomes and prevents production of protein
43
Macrolides Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
Bacteriostatic
44
Macrolides Problem with using
Easily destroyed by HCl -usually coated to prevent this
45
Macrolides Uses
* Respiratory infections * Lyme disease * Sexually transmitted infections
46
Macrolides S/E
Can cause severe GI distress
47
Macrolides Can it be used with other medications?
No, b/c it interacts with several common medications not good for taking anything else
48
Macrolides Drugs to Remember
Erythromycin (good w/food) Azithromycin (Zithromax)
49
Bacteriocidal "Queen Victoria counsels counselors at CAMP"
1. **Q**uinolones 2. **V**ancomycin 3. **C**ephalosporins 4. **C**arbapenems 5. **C**lindamycin 6. **A**minoglycosides 7. **M**etronidazole 8. **P**encillin
50
Bacteriostatic "My CaTS"
1. **M**acrolides 2. **C**lindamycin 3. **T**etracyclines 4. **S**ulfonamides
51
Most antifungal medications work by: * Bind to \_\_\_(1)\_\_\_\_ of fungi and leaks out the \_\_\_\_(2)\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_(3)\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_(4)\_\_results) * Inhibits \_\_\_\_(5)\_\_\_\_ * Decreases \_\_\_\_\_\_(6)\_\_\_\_\_
1. cell membrane 2. potassium 3. magnessium 4. cell death 5. mitosis 6. cell replication
52
Uses of antifungal medications * Treatment of \_\_\_\_\_(1)\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_(2)\_\_\_\_\_ * Fungal infections are often \_\_\_\_\_(3)\_\_\_\_\_ in the \_\_\_\_\_\_(4)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * \_\_\_\_\_(5)\_\_\_\_\_\_ causes many \_\_\_(6)\_\_\_\_\_ and many drug \_\_(7)\_\_\_\_
1. molds 2. yeast infections 3. opportunistic 4. immuno-compromised 5. Systemic use 6. side effects 7. interactions

Pharmacology 1 (15 decks)

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