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Paramedic > Medication Final > Flashcards

Medication Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenosine half life

A

Less than 10 seconds.

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2
Q

Adenosine route

A

IV/IO

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3
Q

Adenosine dosage adult

A

6mg rapid bolus over 1 to 3 seconds followed by 20 mL saline flush and elevate extremety. If no response after 1 to 2 minutes administer second dose of 12 mg

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4
Q

Adenosine dosage pediatric

A

0.1 mg/kg rapid IV/IO, max 6mg followed by 5 to 10 mL saline flush. second dose of 0.2mg/kg max 12 same method

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5
Q

Atropine indications

A

Hemodynamically unstable bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, nerve agent exposure, RSI in pediatrics, beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose.

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6
Q

Atropine dosage organophosphate poisoning

A

Extremely large doses(2 to 4 mg or higher) may be needed.

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7
Q

Prochlorperazine (Compazine) indications

A

Nausea, vomiting

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8
Q

Prochlorperazine (Compazine) actions

A

By depressing the chemoreceptor trigger zone, severe nausea and vomiting is reduced.

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9
Q

Diazepam indications

A

Acute anxiety states and agitation, acute alcohol withdrawal, muscle relaxant, seizure activity, sedation for medical procedures(intubation, ventilated patients, cardioversion), chemical restraint, may be helpful in acute symptomatic cocaine overdose.

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10
Q

Diazepam class

A

Benzodiazepine, long acting: sedative hypnotic; anticonvulsant; schedule IV drug

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11
Q

Diltiazem actions.

A

Inhibits extracellular calcium ion influx across membranes of myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction and thereby dilating main coronary and systemic arteries; no effect on serum calcium concentrations; substantial inhibitory effects on the cardiac conduction system, acting principally at the AV node, with some effects at the SA node.

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12
Q

Diltiazem dosage adult

A

initial dose of 0.25 mg/kg IV over 2 minutes. If inadequate response, may rebolus in 15 minutes with 0.35 mg/kg IV over 2 min. Maintenance infusion of 5 to 15 mg/h titrated to physiologically appropriate heart rate.

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13
Q

Diltiazem Class

A

Calcium channel blocker, antidysrhythmic(Class IV)

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14
Q

Dopamine indications

A

Cardiogenic and septic shock, hypotension with low cardiac output states, distributive shock, second line drug for symptomatic bradycardia

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15
Q

Dopamine low dose effects

A

Beta adrenergic response: 5 to 10 mcg/kg per min.

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16
Q

Etomidate indications

A

Premedication for medication facilitated intubation or procedural sedation

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17
Q

Etomidate class

A

Nonbarbiturate hypnotic, anesthesia induction agent.

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18
Q

Fentanyl actions

A

binds to opiate receptors, producing analgesia and euphoria

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19
Q

Lactated Ringers class

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

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20
Q

Magnesium sulfate dosage asthma, adult

A

1 to 2 g IV over 15 to 30 min.

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21
Q

Magnesium sulfate actions

A

Reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. manages seizures in toxemia of pregnancy. Induces uterine relaxation. Can cause bronchodilation after beta agonist and anticholinergics have been administered.

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22
Q

Magnesium pedi dosage.

A

status asthmaticus: 30 to 60 mg/kg IV/IO over 15 to 30 min.

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23
Q

Midazolam(Versed) dosage adult

A

Seizures: 0.2 mg/kg IM or IN max: 10mg
0.1 mg/kg IV, max 4mg.

Sedation: 0.5 to 2.25 mg IV. may be repeated to max 0.1 mg/kg

Chemical restraint: 5mg IV or IN; 5 mg IM

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24
Q

Midazolam (Versed) effects

A

Headache, somnolence, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest, apnea, hypotension, cardiac arrest, nausea, vomiting, pain at injection site

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25
Q

Narcan dosage adult

A

0.4 to 2mg IM/IV/IO/subq/ET/IN(diluted);

minimum single dose: 2mg

repeat at 5 min intervals to a maximum total dose of 10 mg

for IN route administer half in each nostril, max of 1 mL per nostril.

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26
Q

Narcan indications

A

Opiate overdose, complete or partial eversal of CNS and respiratory depression induced by opiods, decreased level of consciousness, coma of unknown origin. Narcotic agonist for the following: morphine, heroin, hydromorphone(dilaudid), methadone, meperidine(demerol), paregoric, fentanyl(sublimaze), oxycodone(Percodan), codeine, propoxyphene(Darvon). Narcotic agonist and antagonist for the following: butorphanol(stadol), pentazocine(Talwin), nalbuphine(Nubain)

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27
Q

Vecuronium(Norcuron) dosage adult

A

0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg IV push.

Maintenance dose within 45 to 60 min: 0.8 to 1.2 mg/kg IV push

28
Q

Vecuronium(Norcuron) administration

A

IV/IO

29
Q

Procainamide dosage adult

A

recurrent VF/ pulseless VT: 20 mg/min slow IV infusion until the dysrhythmia is suppressed. max 17mg/kg

other indications: 20mg/min slow IV infusion until: dysrhythmia suppression, hypotension, QRS widens by > 50%, total of 17mg/kg

maintenance infusion: 1 to 4 mg/min

30
Q

Procainamide class

A

Antidysrhythmic

31
Q

Procainamide indications

A

Stable monomorphic VT with normal QT interval, reentry SVT uncontrolled by vagal maneuvers and adenosine, stable wide complex tachycardia of unknown origin, AF with rapid ventricular rate in patients with Wolff Parkinson white syndrome.

32
Q

Sodium bicarbonate action

A

Buffers metabolic acidosis and lactic acid buildup in the body caused by anaerobic metabolism secondary to severe hypoxia by reacting with hydrogen ions to form water and carbon dioxide.

33
Q

Sodium bicarbonate class

A

systemic hydrogen ion buffer, alkalizing agent

34
Q

Sodium bicarbonate pedi dosage

A

1mEq/kg slow IV, IO push(dilute in small children to 4.2%)

35
Q

Solu-medrol contraindications

A

Premature infants, systemic fungal infections, use with caution in patients with GI bleeding

36
Q

Solu-medrol administration

A

IV/IO/IM

37
Q

Toradol(Ketorolac) dosage adult

A

30 to 60 mg IM, 15 to 30 mg IV

38
Q

Zofran (Ondansetron) dosage

A

4mg

39
Q

Amiodarone indications

A

Stable, regular narrow complex tachycardia if the rhythm persists despite vagal maneuvers or adenosine or the tachycardia is recurrent; to control the ventricular rate in stable, irregular narrow complex tachycardia; to control the ventricular rate in preexcited atrial dysrhythmias with conduction over an accessory pathway; stable monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT with a normal QT interval; cardiac arrest resulting from VF or pulseless VT after CPR, defibrillation, and vasopressor.

40
Q

Amiodarone class

A

Antidysrhythmic (ClassIII)

41
Q

Amiodarone dosage

A

300mg IV/IO then to 150mg for VF/VT

others: 150mg

42
Q

Norepinephrine actions

A

Potent alpha agonist resulting in intense peripheral vasoconstriction, positive chronotropic and increased inotropic effect (from 10% beta effect) with increased cardiac output. Alpha adrenergic activity resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction and beta drenergic activity leading to inotropic stimulation of the heart and coronary artery vasodilation.

43
Q

Norepinephrine adult dosage

A

0.1 to 0.5 mcg/kg per minute

44
Q

Norepinephrine class

A

sympathomimetic, vasopressor

45
Q

Phenergan actions

A

H-1 receptor antagonist; blocks action of histamine; possesses sedative, anti motion, antiemetic, and anticholinergic activity; potentiates the effects of narcotics to induce analgesia

46
Q

Propranolol actions

A

Nonselective beta adrenergic blocker that reduces chronotropic, inotropic, and vasodilator response to beta adrenergic stimulation.

47
Q

Propranolol contraindications

A

Sinus bradycardia(if no pacemaker), second or third degree AV block(if no pacemaker present), bronchial asthma, sick sinus syndrome(if no pacemaker present), cardiogenic shock, heart failure, and acute pulmonary edema.

48
Q

Racemic epinephrine actions

A

Stimulates beta 2 receptors in lungs: bronchodilation with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. Reduces airway resistance. Useful in treating laryngeal edema: inhibits histamine release.

49
Q

Racemic epinephrine dosage

A

dilute 5 mL (1%) in 5 mL saline, administer over 15 min.

50
Q

Activated charcoal class

A

adsorbent, antidote

51
Q

Aspirin class

A

Platelet inhibitor, anti inflammatory agent.

52
Q

Benadryl dosage

A

adult: 25 to 50mg IM/IV/PO

53
Q

Benadryl pedi dosage

A

1 to 2 mg/kg IV/IO slowly/IM/ if PO: 5mg/kg per 24 hours.

54
Q

Epinephrine 1:10000 pedi dose

A

IV/IO 0.01 mg/kg of a 0.1 mg/mL(1:10000) every 3 to 5 min.

55
Q

Epinephrine 1:10000 class

A

sympathomimetic

56
Q

Furosemide action

A

blocks adsorption of sodium and chloride at the distal and proximal tubules and the loop of Henle, causing increased urine output

57
Q

Glucagon indications

A

Altered level of consciousness when hypoglycemia is suspected. May be used as a reversal agent in beta blocker and calcium channel clocker overdoses

58
Q

Glucagon class

A

hyperglycemic agent, pancreatic hormone, insulin antagonist.

59
Q

Morphine dosage

A

SEMI: 2 to 4 mg slow IV, repeat: 2 to 8mg at 5 to 15 intervals

NSTEMI/unstable angina: 1 to 5 mg IV if symptoms are not relieved by nitrates, use with caution

60
Q

Nitroglycerin actions

A

Smooth muscle relaxant acting on vasculature, bronchial, unterine, intestinal smooth muscle. Dilation of arterioles and veins in the periphery. Reduces preload and afterload, decreasing workload of the heart and thereby myocardial oxygen demand.

61
Q

Nitroglycerin contraindications

A

Hypotension, hypovolemia, intracranial bleeding or head injury, pericardial tamponade, severe bradycardia or tachycardia, RV infarction, previous administration in the last 24 hours: sildenafil(viagra) or 48 hours: cardenafil(levitra) or tadalafil(cialis)

62
Q

Succinylcholine onset/duration

A

onset: 1 minute
peak: 1 to 3 min
duration: 5 to 10 min

63
Q

Succinylcholine indications

A

RSI

64
Q

Oxytocin indications

A

Postpartum hemorrhage after infant and placental delivery

65
Q

Oxytocin actions

A

increases uterine contractions

Paramedic (9 decks)

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