Medical Flashcards
What is meningitis
Inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal chord.
How is meningitis transferred?
Via dropplets. The bacterial form is communicable, the viral is not.
What is pertussis
Whooping cough.
How is pertussis transmitted?
Large droplet. Incubation time of 7 to 10 days following exposure
Pertussis signs and symptoms
Fever, thick nasal discharge, and a cough that progresses to coughing spasms. The patient is not able to take a breath. Whoops sound when a breath is able to be taken. vomiting
Signs and symptoms of mumps
Fever, headache, muscle aches, loss of appetite, swelling salivary glands under the ears.
Mumps transmission
Droplet, direct contact with saliva or respiratory secretions. Incubation period of 16 to 18 days following exposure.
Rubella transmission
droplet transmitted, spread from cough or sneeze. May spread up to 1 week before the rash appears. Incubation period of 12 to 23 days following an exposure event.
Rubella signs and symptoms
rash that usually begins on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body. Headache, mild pink eye, swollen and enlarged lymph nodes, cough, runny nose.
Is tuberculosis highly contagious?
NO
Tuberculosis signs and symptoms
persistent cough plus one or more of the following: sudden weight loss, night sweats, fever, cough with blood tinged sputum, hoarseness, chest pain.
What is latent TB
the person has tested positive for exposure to TB but does not have or may never develop, active disease.
TB transmission
Large, airborne particles. Only communicable when an active lesion develops in the lungs and bacteria are expelled into the air by coughing. incubation period of 4 to 12 weeks.
Angioedema
Recurrent large areas of subcutaneous edema of sudden onset, usually disappearing within 24 hours, which is seen mainly in young women, frequently as a result of allergy to food or drugs.
What is Esophagogastric varices
Pressure increases in the blood vessels that surround the esophagus and the stomach. The blood backs up and can lead to a rupture of the vessels. Caused primarily by alcohol and hepatitis C
Signs and symptoms of esophagogastric Varices
Signs of liver damage(fatigue, weight loss, laundice, anorexia, edematous abdomen, pruritus, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting. abrupt onset of discomfort in the throat, vomiting bright red blood, hypotension, signs of shock, bloody vomit, melena.
What are mallory weiss syndrome and boerhaave syndrome
Mallory Weiss : Esophageal condition in which severe hemorrhage can occur. The junction between the esophagus and the stomach tears, causing severe bleeding and potentially death. Caused by the act of vomiting
Boerhaave : esophagus tears longitudinally and the tear travels entirely through the wall of the esophagus.
What are Peptic ulcer disease and gastritis
Peptic ulcer disease: the protective layer of the stomach erodes causing the wall of the stomach to be eaten by stomach acid.
Gastritis: is the preulcerative state when the stomach is inflamed but erosions have not yet occurred.
What is GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is when the lower esophageal sphincter opens and allows stomach acid to move superiorly. (also known as acid reflux disease_
What is a hiatal hernia
A protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm.
Hyperglycemia skin signs
hot dry
hypoglycemia skin signs
pale cool clammy
sedative drug overdose skin signs
cold dry
