Medication Cards Flashcards
Betamethasone (Celstone)
- Best Time to Give?
- Dept its used in
- Greatest benefit accrue if at least 24 hours elapse between initial dose and birth of the preterm infant
- L&D & NICU
Betamethasone (Celstone)
- Class
- Indication
- Action
- Route/Dose
- Corticosteroid
- Acceleration of fetal lung maturity to reduce incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
- Reduces incidence of intra-ventricular hemorrhage and neonatal death in the preterm infant
- Reduces inflammation of the bronchial tubes and speeds lung development
-IM – 12mg 2 doses 24 hours apart
Betamethasone (Celstone)
- Contraindications
- Who to give it to?
- Active infection
- EX chorioamnionitis - NIH recommends use of corticosteroids for women who have preterm rupture (24-32 weeks) of the membranes
Betamethasone (Celstone)
- Adverse Reactions
- Drug Interaction
FEW S/E if used for short duration
- Increased risk of CD in women who received >4 doses
- Pulmonary edema secondary to sodium and fluid retention - Increased hunger, anxiety and BP
- Hypoglycemia for baby
- Hyperglycemia for mom
- May increase need for insulin and hyperglycemic agents
- Increase risk of adverse reaction from LIVE VIRUS VACCINES
Betamethasone (Celstone)
-Nursing Considerations
- More frequent blood sugar checks in a diabetic because sugar can be elevated while on corticosteroids
- Temporary rise in platelet and WBC levels may last 72 hours
- WBC levels >20,000 may indicate infection - Assess lung sounds / REPORT chest pain or heaviness or dyspnea
Calcium Gluconate (10%) -Class & Indication, ANTIDOTE
- Mineral & electrolyte replacement
- Reverse magnesium toxicity and prevent respiratory arrest if serum levels become high
- ANTIDOTE for magnesium toxicity
Calcium Gluconate
-Route/Dose
- IV – 1-3g may be administered until response occurs
Calcium Gluconate
-Contraindications, S/E
- Hypercalcemia, Renal calculi, Ventricular Fibrillation
Can Cause: - Cardiac arrest, syncope, arrhythmias, headache, C/N/V
Calcium Gluconate
-Drug-Drug Interaction / Assessment
- Concurrent use w/ diuretics (Thiazide) may result in hypercalcemia
- Monitor BP, pulse and ECG frequently
- May cause vasodilation: Hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest
Cytotec (Misoprostol)
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Prostaglandin/Oxytocic
- Used in combination w/ mifepristone (Mifeprex) for TERMINATION of pregnancy.. CERVICAL RIPENING and LABOR INDUCTION – stop postpartum bleeding
- Not an AUGMENTOR
- PO: 400 mcg single dose 2 days after mifeprex for termination
- Intravaginally: 25 mcg repeat q3-6 hrs if needed
Cytotec (Misoprostol)
- Usual Use in OB
- Pregnancy Category
- Breastfeeding
- Used for Elective abortion before 7 weeks
- Pregnancy category X
- Passes into breast milk and can cause severe diarrhea in infants
Cytotec (Misoprostol)
- Contraindications
- Side Effects
- Drug Interaction
- Hypersensitivity to prostaglandins & should not be used to prevent NSAID induced gastric injury due to potential fetal death
- Abdominal pain & diarrhea
- Increased risk of diarrhea w/ magnesium containing antacids
Cytotec (Misoprostol)
- Nursing Assessment
- Nursing Implications
- Where its Used?
- Monitor Uterine cramping, Fetal HR, and bleeding
- Inform pt that med will cause spontaneous abortion
- They will feel cramping
- If abortion is incomplete surgery may be necessary
- Use contraception for one mentstal cycle following treatment - L&D
Erythromycin Eye Ointment (Ilotycin)
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Antibiotic
- Prophylaxis against the organism NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE (Gonorrhea) – NOT FOR syphillis or chlamydia
- Prevents ophthalmia neonatorum in infants of mother with gonorrhea - Ribbon of eye ointment applied to lower conjunctival sac
Erythromycin Eye Ointment (Ilotycin)
- Adverse Reactions
- Where Its Used?
- Burning, itching
- Irritation may result in chemical conjunctivitis lasting 24-48 hrs
- Temporary blurred vision
- L&D, NB
Erythromycin Eye Ointment (Ilotycin)
-Nursing Considerations
- Cleanse infant’s eyes as needed before application
- Hold tube in a horizontal rather than vertical position
- Administer from inner to outer canthus
- Do not touch tip of tube to any part of the eye
- Use new tube for each infant
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
- Class
- Indication
- Dosing/Route
- Opioid analgesics
- Adjunct to epidural analgesia during labor
- Produces CNS depression & decreases pain
- 25-50 mcg IV may be repeated q1hr or PCA
- IV is used during birth
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
- Adverse Reactions
- Contraindications
- Where It’s Used?
- Less Nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression than Demerol
- Hypersensitivity or cross-sensitivity or known intolerance
- LD
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
- Drug-Drug Interactions
- Assessment
- Avoid in pts who have received MAOI’s w/in previous 14 days
- Monitor RR, BP frequently for respiratory depression
- Use Atropine to reverse Respiratory Depression**
HBIG (Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin)
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Vaccine / immune globulins
- Prevents Hepatitis B infection in neonates born to Hepatitis B POSITIVE women by providing passive immunity
- ONLY GIVEN IF MOTHER IS HEP B POSITIVE - IM .5 mL w/in 12 hours of birth (Vastus lateralis for infants)
HBIG (Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin)
- Priority action
- Effects of Hep B in Pregnancy
- Side Effects
- Give the HBIG vaccine w/in 12 hours of birth
- Hep B increase incidence of prematurity, low birth weight, and prenatal death.
- Pain at injection site and local soreness
HBIG (Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin)
- Nursing Assessment
- Nursing Implications
- Where Its Used?
- Monitor infant temp for s/s of infection
- Teach mother to practice good hygiene including hand washing
- baby needs 2nd vaccine in 2 months and 3rd in 6 months
- Household members should be tested and vaccinated - PP, NB
Hemabate (carboprost)
- Classification
- Indication
- Action
- Route/Dose
- Prostaglandin / oxytocics
- Treatment of POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
- Stimulates contraction of the Uterus
- Can also be used for abortion - IM 250 mcg // Max dose 2 mg
Hemabate (carboprost)
- Side Effects
- Contraindications
- Where Its Used?
- DIARRHEA**, n/v tetanic contractions, uterine rupture
- Contraindicated w/ acute pelvic inflammatory disease, cardiac, pulmonary, renal or hepatic disease
- LD, PP
Hemabate (carboprost)
-Nursing Considerations
- Keep refrigerated
- Give via deep IM and aspirate carefully to avoid IV injection
- Monitor VS
- Administer anti-emetics and antidiarrheals as ordered
Hepatitis B Vaccine (Neonate)
- Vaccine Schedule Look up more info
- Route/Dose
- Where It’s Used?
IM injections (deltoid adults) (Vastus Lateralis kids)
Hepatitis B Vaccine (Neonate)
1. 1st does may be given before discharge or at infants first visit to pediatrician / 2nd dose given at 2 months / 3rd dose at 6 to 18 months
2. NB
Magnesium Sulfate
- Class
- Indication
- Where Its Used?
- Miscellaneous anticonvulsant
- Prevention and control of seizures in severe preeclampsia
&
-Prevention of uterine contractions in preterm labor - LD & PP
Magnesium Sulfate
-Route/Dose
- IV or Deep IM (IM is Painful so not recommended)
2. Loading dose of 4 to 6 g of mag sulfate in 100 mL IV fluid over 15 to 20 minutes. then 2g/hr maintenance dose
Magnesium Sulfate
- Contraindications
- Adverse Reactions
- Contraindicated in persons w/ myocardial damage, heart block. myasthenia gravis, or impaired renal function
- S/E result from magnesium overdose and include flushing, sweating, hypotention, depressed deep tendon reflexes, & CNS depression, including respiratory depression.
Magnesium Sulfate
-Toxicity
- Magnesium toxicity, possibly r/t incomplete renal drug excretion, may be evidenced by thirst, mental confusion, or decrease in reflexes
Magnesium Sulfate
-Nursing Assessment **
- Urinary Output <30mL/h
- RR of at least 12 breaths per minute
- O2 sat of 95% or higher
- Presence of deep tendon reflexes
- Urinary output greater than 30 ml/hr
Magnesium Sulfate
- Breastfeeding
- Drug-Drug interaction
- Antidote
- Passes into breastmilk.. do not use w/in 2 hrs of labor to prevent toxicity in the newborn
- May potentiate CCB & neuromuscular blocking agents
- Calcium gluconate is the antidote
Methergine (Methylergonovine)
- Classification
- Indication
- Usual Use in OB
- Route/Dose
- Ergot Alkaloid, Uterine Stimulant
- Prevention & Treatment of postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage caused by uterine atony or sub-involution
- Used for uterine contraction during hemorrhage
- Usual dose is .2 mg IM q2-4 hrs max 5 doses then PO .2 mg 6-8hrs max 7 days
Methergine (Methylergonovine)
- Contraindication
- Adverse Reactions
- NEVER use during pregnancy to induce labor.
- Contraindicated in women with HTN, severe renal or hepatic disease, thrombophlebitis, CAD, PVD, or sepsis - N/V, uterine cramping, HTN, diziness, headache, chest pain, palpitations, cramping
Methergine (Methylergonovine)
- Nursing Considerations
- Where Its Used?
- Assess the BP before administration
- Follow protocol on what BP level to hold medication
- Caution mother to avoid smoking (can constrict vessels) - LD & PP
Narcan (Naloxone)
- Classification
- Indication
- Dose/Route
- Opioid Antagonists
- Reversal of CNS depression and respiratory depression because of suspected opioid overdose. Respiratory depression in the infant when the mother has received narcotics during labor
- .4-2mg IV
Narcan (Naloxone)
- Adverse Reactions
- Drug Interactions
- Where Its Used?
- Ventricular arrhythmias, N/V
- Can Precipitate withdrawal in opiate dependent patients
- DON’T GIVE TO OPIOID ADDICTED MOTHER - LD, ICN, NICU
Narcan (Naloxone)
- Assessment
- Implications
- Assess RR, rhythm, depth (both mother and infant)
- Pulse, BP, LOC for 3-4 hours after peak blood concentrations
- Assess S/S of withdrawal/vomiting, restlessness, increased BP - Prepare syringe before birth w/more than needed
- Remove excess before administering
- Monitor response and be prepared to administer repeated doses
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Calcium Channel Blocker
- Reduction of muscle contractions in the smooth muscles such as the uterus in Preterm labor
- 10-30 mg 3times/day PO
- PO
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
- Adverse Effects
- Drug Interactions
- Maternal flushing, dizziness, headache, nausea, tachycardia hypotension, increase blood glucose
- Additive hypotension w/ fentanyl, other antihypertensives or nitrates
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
- Assessment
- Implications
- Where Its Used?
- Monitor BP (fetal/maternal), monitor I/O, Monitor contractions
- Teach Pt to change positions slowly and call for help getting out of bed. Teach Pt to report any dizziness, Lightheadedness, or SOB
- LD, MB
Nubain (Nalbuphine)
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Opioid analgesics
- Moderate to severe pain control
- Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS
- Produces generalized CNS depression - 10-20mg q 3-6hr IV
Nubain (Nalbuphine)
- Vs. butorphanol
- Where Its Used?
- Nubain is the same as Stadol (butorphanol) but has shown lower FHR accelerations and variability and lower neurobehavioral scores in the newborn
- LD, PP
Nubain (Nalbuphine)
- Contraindications
- Drug interactions
- Hypersensitivity to nalbuphine or bisulfites
- Pt physically dependent on opioids who has not detoxified (may precipitate withdrawal) - Use extreme caution in pts getting MAOI’s
- Avoid concurrent use with other opioid analgesic agonists
Nubain (Nalbuphine)
- Adverse Effects
- Antidote
- Dizziness, headache, sedation, dry mouth, N/V/C, Clammy feeling
- Narcan
Nubain (Nalbuphine)
- Assessment
- Implications
- Assess BP, pulse, RR before and during admin
- Assess previous analgesic hx (Antagonistic properties can cause withdrawal) - Change position slowly to minimize Orthostatic hypotension
- Use sugarless gum or candy for dry mouth
- Turn cough and deep breath to prevent atelectasis
Pitocin (Oxytocin)
- Class
- Action
- Route/Dose
- Oxytocic
- Stimulates uterine smooth muscle, resulting in increased strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions
- Vasoactive and antidiuretic properties - IV infusion w/ various dilutions
Pitocin (Oxytocin)
-Indication
- Induction or augmentation of labor at or near term.
- Maintenance of firm uterine contractions after birth to control postpartum bleeding
- Management of inevitable or incomplete abortion
Pitocin (Oxytocin)
- Contraindications
- Adverse Effects
- Where Its Used?
- Anticipated nonvaginal delivery
- Coma, maternal seizures, fetal asphyxia, hypoxia, water intoxication, Uterine rupture,
- LD, PP
Pitocin Oxytocin
-Nursing Considerations
- Assess FHR for at least 20 min before induction to ID reassuring or non-reassuring patterns.
- Observe uterus, lochia, and cramping
- Monitor I&O breath sounds, and bladder distention
Pitocin (Oxytocin)
-Things to know **
- Used for labor induction and augmentation, postpartum hemorrhage and for abortion
- It is NOT a cervical ripener
- Can cause water toxicity and tetanic contractions
RHOGAM (Rho(D)
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Immunoglobulins
- Administered to Rh- woman who have been exposed to Rh+ blood
- Standard dose given IM
RHOGAM (Rho(D)
- Contraindications
- Maternal Considerations
- Women who are Rh+ or women previously sensitized to Rh should not receive Rh(D) immunoglobulin
- Rhogam prevents development of Rh antibodies which might be harmful to subsequent fetuses
RHOGAM (Rho(D)
- Adverse Reactions
- Timing
- Where Its Used?
- DIC, Intravascular hemolysis, ANEMIA
- If mother is negative for Rh and blood exposure is suspected, RHOGAM should be given w/in 72 hours
- PP
RHOGAM (Rho(D)
- Coombs test
- Implications
- COOMBS test tells if the mother already has Rh antibodies
- Type and crossmatch the mother and newborn cordblood
- Mother must be Rh - and negative for Rh antibodies.
- Newborn must be Rh +. Give med by IM to mother in the deltoid
Rubella Vaccine
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Where Its Used?
- Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine
- NOT given during pregnancy due to birth defects - Administered at least 1 month before pregnancy or after childbirth to women who are not immune to rubella
- .5ml Subcutaneous
- PP
Rubella Vaccine
- Dose
- Contraindication
- Adverse Effects
- .5 mL SUBCUTANEOUSLY
- Contraindicated if immunosuppressed, pregnant, egg allergy, respiratory infection, active TB
- S/E: Stinging at the site / fever
Rubella Vaccine
- Assessment
- Implications
- Assess allergies to egg & current infection
- Vials should be refrigerated and used immediately after reconstitution
- Protect from light
- Women should avoid pregnancy for at least 1 month
Stadol (Butorphanol)
- Classification
- Indication
- Action
- Route/Dose
- Opioid agonists antagonists
- Analgesia during labor
- Binds opiate receptors in CNS & causes generalized CNS depression
- .5-2 mg IV
Stadol (Butorphanol)
- Contraindications
- Adverse Effects
- Hypersensitivity & Pt physically dependent on opioids (can cause withdrawal)
- Confusion, hallucinations, sedation, respiratory depression,
N/V/C & dry mouth.
Stadol (Butorphanol)
- Drug interaction
- Assessment
- Antidote
- Use extreme caution in Pts on MAOI’s
- Assess BP, pulse, RR, Level of sedation, previous analgesic hx
- Lower risk for dependence than other opioids - Narcan
Stadol (Butorphanol)
-Implications
- Encourage Pt to turn, cough and deep breath every 2hrs to prevent atelectasis
- Use sugarless gum or candy to lower dry mouth
Terbutaline (Bricanyl)
- Class
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Where Its Used?
- Beta-adrenergic tocolytic agent
- Stop preterm labor. Reduce or stop hypertonic labor contractions, whether natural or stimulated
- .01 to .05 mg/min IV
- LD
Terbutaline (Brycanyl)
-Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Before 20 weeks of gestation and if continuing the pregnancy is hazardous to mother or fetus
- Uncontrolled diabetes, hyperthyroidism, bronchial dysrhythmias, hypovolemia, uncontrolled HTN
Terbutaline (Brycanyl)
- Assessmment
- Implications
- Monitor mom for HR of 120. HOLD med if mom has HR >120
- Monitor baby glucose - Diagnostic studies such as ECG, blood glucose, electrolytes, urinalysis
- Maintain adequate hydration. Report HR >120
Vitamin K
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Where Its Used?
- Fat soluble vitamin, Anti-hemorrhagic
- Given to neonate to prevent vitamin K-deficiency bleeding
- Given within 1hr of birth - .5 - 1mg IM
- LD, ICN/NICU
Vitamin K
- Adverse Reaction
- Nursing Consideration
- Erythema, pain, edema at injection site,hemolysis or HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA especially in preterm infant or high doses
- Protect drug from light until just before admin
- observe all infants for signs of vitamin K deficiency
- eccymoses or bleeding from any site
- check to make sure vitamin K was given before circumcision
Motrin
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Action
- Antipyretics / nonopioid analgesic
- Treat mild to moderate pain & fever
- PO, 4-10 mg/kg/dose q6-8hrs
Motrin
- Pregnancy considerations
- Where Its Used?
- Category C ( up to 30 wk gestation)
- Category D (starting at 30 wk gestation)
- Don’t give to pregnant women starting after 30 weeks - LD, MB
Motrin
-Adverse Effects
- Headache, dizziness,
2. GI bleeding, hepatitis C/N/V
Norco
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Where Its Used?
- Opioid analgesics
- management of moderate to severe pain
- PO, 2.5-10mg q3-6 hrs as needed
- PP
Norco
- OB: Lactation
- Adverse Effects
- Avoid chronic use during breast feeding
2. Confusion, dizziness, sedation, hypotension, bradycardia C/N/V
Norco
- Assessment
- Implementation
- Antidote
- Assess BP, pulse, RR before and during administration
- If RR is less than 10 assess level of sedation
- Assess bowel function regularly - Treat overdose w/ narcan
Mylicon (Simethicone)
- Classification
- Indication
- Route/Dose
- Antiflatulent
- Relief of painful symptoms of excess gas
- Causes coalescence of gas but does not prevent the formation of gas - PO, 40-125 mg qid
Mylicon (Simethicone)
- Contraindications
- Adverse effects
- Where Its Used?
- Not recommended for infant colic
- Safe for Lactation - NO adverse effects
- PP
Mylicon (Simethicone)
- Assessment
- Implementation
- Assess Pt for abdo pain ,distention, bowel sounds
2. Administer after meals and at bedtime