Medicated-related problem

Question 1

anything involving drug therapy that interferes with (or has the potential to interfere with) the desired outcome for a patient

Answer 1

medication-related problem

Question 2

One or more drugs are missing according to established national/international guidelines

Answer 2

DRUG CHOICE
NEED FOR ADDITIONAL DRUG

Question 3

AFTER A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Answer 3

Statins

Question 4

AFTER CEREBRAL STROKE

Answer 4

Aspirin

Question 5

FOR HEART FAILURE

Answer 5

ACE-inhibitor

Question 6

WHEN USING CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Answer 6

calcium supplements

Question 7

Antibiotic for pseudomonas aeriginusa

Answer 7

Colistin

Question 8

UNNECESSARY DRUG

Answer 8

ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT FINALIZED.
IBUPROFEN AND DICLOFENAC CONCOMITANTLY.
METHENAMINE IN A PATIENT WITH A PERMANENT CATHETER

Question 9

Not given reason for deviation from concordance between drug and diagnosis/ indication or absolute/ relative contraindication because of for example age or comorbidity

Answer 9

INAPPROPRIATE DRUG CHOICE

Question 10

What generation is in broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 10

4th and 5th generation

Question 11

NSAIDS WITH REDUCED RENAL FUNCTION.
BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC FOR SIMPLE INFECTION.
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG FOR RESTLESSNESS DEMENTIA.
AMITRYPTILINE AND OTHER DRUGS WITH ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECT IN ELDERLY.
ACE INHIBITOR WITH AORTIC STENOSIS.

Answer 11

INAPPROPRIATE DRUG CHOICE

Question 12

relation to kidney function.

Answer 12

Too high Ace inhibitors

Question 13

Too high ACE inhibitor in relation to kidney function.
Too low paracetamol dose in relation to symptom-giving arthritis.
Diuretics given in the evening.

Answer 13

Dosing

Question 14

Any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug, which occurs at doses in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy(WHO)

Answer 14

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

Question 15

Do not give this to elderly if it has ___ effect

Answer 15

anti-cholinergic

Question 16

An interaction is occurring when the effect of a drug is changed by the presence of another drug, food, drink or some environmental chemical agent.

Answer 16

Drug-interaction

Question 17

Drug combinations with intended overall effect are not considered to be drug related problems

Answer 17

Drug-interaction

Question 18

Drug combinations with intended overall effect are not considered to be drug related problems.

Answer 18

Drug-interaction

Question 19

NSAID example drug

Answer 19

Mefenamic, Naproxen, Meloxifam

Question 20

An appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction, caused by an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product, which predicts hazard from future administration and warrants prevention or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product.

Answer 20

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

Question 21

Any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a drug that requires discontinuing the drug (therapeutic or diagnostic), requires changing the drug therapy, requires modifying the dose (except for minor dosage adjustments), necessitates admission to a hospital, prolongs stay in a health care facility, necessitates supportive treatment, significantly complicates diagnosis, negatively affects prognosis, or results in temporary or permanent harm, disability, or death (ASHP)

Answer 21

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

Question 22

Any untoward occurrence that may present during treatment with a pharmaceutical product but that does not necessarily have a causal relation to the treatment (WHO)

Answer 22

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

Question 23

Any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death, requires hospital admission or prolongation of existing hospital stay, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is life threatening

Answer 23

Serious Adverse Effect

Question 24

Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer.

Answer 24

Medication Error

Question 25

Errors in the process of ordering or delivering a medication, regardless of whether an injury occurred or the potential for injury was present.

Answer 25

Medication Error

Question 26

Inappropriate use of a drug that may or may not result in harm

Answer 26

Medication Error

Question 27

mild, predictable, very common, dose dependent and occur more commonly in drugs with a low therapeutic index.

Answer 27

Type A-augmented

Question 28

Example of:

✔️ Bleeding caused by Warfarin and Anti-coagulants
✔️ Bronchospasm or Bradycardia associated with Beta-blockers
✔️ Deafness with Aminoglycosides

Answer 28

Augmented

Question 29

are also termed as idiosyncratic. These reactions are not expected from the known pharmacological actions of the drug.

Answer 29

Type B- Bizarre

Question 30

occur due to the chronic use of a drug or due to dose accumulation.

Answer 30

Type C- Chronic

Question 31

refer to drug effects which occur due to prolonged use of a drug which doesn’t tend to accumulate

Answer 31

Type D- Delayed

Question 32

are linked to the withdrawal of a medicine.

Answer 32

Type E- Withdrawal

Question 33

Types of Adverse Drug Reactions

Answer 33

Dose-related
Allergic
Idiosyncratic

Question 34

represent an exaggeration of the drug’s therapeutic effects

Answer 34

Dose-related adverse drug reactions

Question 35

are not dose-related but require prior exposure to a drug.

Answer 35

Allergic drug reactions

Question 36

develop when the body’s immune system develops an inappropriate reaction to a drug (sometimes referred to as sensitization).

Answer 36

Allergic reaction

Question 37

result from mechanisms that are not currently understood. This type of adverse drug reaction is largely unpredictable.

Answer 37

Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions