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Dispensing 2 > Extemporaneous compounding > Flashcards

Extemporaneous compounding Flashcards

1
Q

liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents” ( aqueous or non –aqueous)

A

Solution

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2
Q

Characteristic of solution

A
  • Homogenous mixture
  • The particles of a solution cannot be seen even with a microscope.
  • true solution does not scatter light
  • It is very stable
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3
Q

is used in outpatient or ambulatory settings.

A

Prescription

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4
Q

It is a written direction or order for the preparing and use of medicine.

A

Prescription

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5
Q

Indication: Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection

and Otitis media due to susceptible pathogens

A

Trimethoprim

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6
Q

is defined as a heterogeneous mixture in

which the solid particles are spread throughout the liquid without dissolving in it.

A

Suspension

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7
Q

The size of particles of __ is large enough to be visible from naked eyes.

A

Suspension

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8
Q

Suspension shows __ because of their large size of particles.

A

Tyndall effect

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9
Q

The particles of suspension can be separated through the process of _

A

filtration.

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10
Q

a mixture of two or more immiscible liquids- one being oil based and the other water based, or aqueous

A

Emulsion

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11
Q

Two basic types of emulsion

A

oil-in-water

water-in-oil

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12
Q

Types of emulsion based on droplet size

A

Macro emulsions- (0.1-5 um)
Microemulsions (5-50 nm)
Nano emulsions (20-100 nm)

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13
Q

Types of emulsion based on mode of administration.

A

Oral emulsions
External emulsions
Parenteral emulsions
Rectal emulsions

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14
Q

solid dosage form which contains a mixture of finely divided drugs or chemicals in a dry form meant for internal or external use.

A

Powders

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15
Q

3 methods of comminution

A

Trituration
Pulverization by intervention
Levigation

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16
Q

Continuous rubbing or grinding of the powder

A

Trituration

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17
Q

Result of trituration

A

Hard, fracturable powders

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18
Q

Uses intervening solvent to dissolve the compound and is mixed to enhance the evaporation of solvent. When the solvent evaporates, the powder will recrystallize out of solution as fine particles

A

Pulverization by intervention

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19
Q

Result of Pulverization by intervention

A

Hard crystalline powders that do not crush or triturate easily

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20
Q

Trituration with a small amount of liquid in which the solvent is not soluble

A

Levigation

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21
Q

Result of Levigation

A

Reduces particle size of insoluble materials (ointments and suspensions)

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22
Q

Comminution is also called as

A

Particle size reduction

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23
Q

The glass mortar with a smooth working surface is preferred for particle reduction along with powder mixing. Using a porcelain mortar with a rough inner surface is the best method for blending powder and reducing particle size.

A

Trituration

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24
Q

The powders are mixed on a pill tile (ointment slab) or in a mortar. This method is adequate for mixing small amounts of powders and combinations of powders having the same densities.

A

Spatulation

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25
Q

Processes like this produce an extremely light, fluffy product and are not suitable for the inclusion of potent drugs into diluent solutions.

A

Sifting

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26
Q

A process of mixing powders by shaking or rotating them in a closed container. This method is used when two or more powders have considerable density differences. This mode of mixing does not yield particle size reduction and compaction.

A

Tumbling

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27
Q

solid dosage forms in which the drug substance is enclosed within either a hard or soft soluble shell, usually formed from gelatin.

A

Capsule

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28
Q

Types of tablet

A

Molded tablet

Compressed tablet

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29
Q

Usually made from moist material using triturate mold that gives them the shape of cut sections of a cylinder.

A

Molded tablet

30
Q

Prepared from mixtures of medicinal substances and a diluent usually consisting of lactose and powdered sucrose in varying proportions.

A

Molded tablet

31
Q
  • Dampened with solutions containing high percentage of alcohol.
  • Pressed into molds, removed, and allowed to dry
A

Molded tablet

32
Q

completely and readily water- soluble ingredients that is intended for making hypodermic injection no longer used in most countries

A

Hypodermic Tablets

33
Q

Hypodermic Tablets example

A

Dilaudid – Dihydromorphinone HCl

Nitroglycerin Tablets

34
Q
  • provide a convenient quantity of potent drug that can be incorporated readily into powders and liquids.
    supplied primarily as a convenience for extemporaneous compounding and should never be dispensed as a dosage form.
  • no longer in use and had the dangerous potential
A

Dispensing Tablets

35
Q

used for making tablet molds or troche molds.

A

Tablet triturate mold

36
Q

Too much solvent

A

hard shrinkage

37
Q

Too little solvent

A

soft tablet

38
Q

Poor water content

A

tend to powder and wear on edges

39
Q

High water content

A

harder and less soluble

40
Q

Content uniformity of molded tablets

A

(85.0 to 115.0%)

41
Q

Evaluation of molded tablets

A

Content uniformity
Dissolution test
Disintegration test

42
Q

Compounded tablets last within _?

A

30 days

43
Q

Nitroglycerin tablets shelf life

A
  • Potent for 2 yrs

- 3 to 5 months once the original bottle is opened

44
Q

Two types of suppositories

A
  • Local action

- Systemic action

45
Q

Once inserted, the suppository base melts, softens or dissolves, distributing the medicaments it carries to the tissues of the region or at the first site of contact

A

Local action

46
Q
  • once inserted the effects will be felt in tissues distant from the site of contact
A

Systemic action

47
Q

Vaginal suppositories, also called _. That weigh

A

pessaries, about 5 grams

48
Q

The modern rectal suppository is a __ shape that is about __ cm in length

A

conical or torpedo-shaped, 2-3 cm

49
Q

Suppositories for adults weigh __ grams each and

children’s suppositories weigh __ gram each.

A

2 grams each (adult)

1 gram each (children)

50
Q

Urethral suppositories for males weigh __ grams each and for females, they weigh _ grams each.

A

4 g each, 2 g each

51
Q

are pencil-shaped suppositories similar in shape to urethral suppositories but shorter in length about 32mm long

A

Aural suppositories

52
Q

is the oldest and simplest method of suppository preparation. It may be used when only a few suppositories are to be prepared in a cocoa butter base.

A

Hand rolling

53
Q

a method of preparing suppositories from a mixed mass of grated suppository base and medicaments which is forced into a special compression mold.

A

Compression Molding

54
Q

Involves first melting the suppository base and then dispersing or dissolving the drug in the melted base.

A

Fusion Molding

55
Q

A semisolid emulsion products which are viscous with an opaque appearance

A

Cream

56
Q

Two types of creams

A
  • Aqueous creams

- Oily creams

57
Q

Also referred to as wet grinding

A

Levigation

58
Q

In this technique, drugs and other solids are dissolved in an ointment base and then combined by melting the ingredient into the base, the soluble constituents are dissolve

A

Fusion

59
Q

Is a corticosteroid. It is used on the skin to reduce dwelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions

A

Fluocinolone Acetonide

60
Q

Used to treat the itching, redness, dryness, crusting, scaling, inflammation, and discomfort of various skin conditions

A

Tramcinolone Acetonide

61
Q

It is used mainly to treat acne, sun-damaged skin, and fine wrinkles

A

Tretinoin

62
Q

Are homogeneous, translucent, viscous, semi-solid preparation intended for external application to skin or mucuous membranes

A

Ointment

63
Q

Ointment is also called as

A

Unguents

64
Q

2 types of ointment

A
  • Medicated

- Non medicated

65
Q

Preparations intended for application to the skin

A

Paste

66
Q

Sometimes called jellies

A

Gels

67
Q

Semi-solid systems consisting of dispersions of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle, rendered jellylike by the addition of a gelling agent

A

Gels

68
Q

Gel classes

A
  • Single phase gels- two phase gels
69
Q

Consist of organic macromolecules are uniformly distributed

A

Single-phase gel

70
Q

Often referred to as “magma”

A

Two phase gel

Dispensing 2 (10 decks)

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