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CSFD Information > Medical Week Review > Flashcards

Medical Week Review Flashcards

1
Q

AVPU

A

A- Alert
V- Verbal
P- Pain
U- Unresponsive/Unconscious

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2
Q

DCAP-BTLS

A 
D-Deformities
C-Contusions
A-Abrasions
P-Punctures/Penetrations
B-Burns
T-Tenderness
L-Lacerations
S-Swelling
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3
Q

When should DCAP-BTLS used?

A

For trauma assessments

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4
Q

Supine

A

Lying on back

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5
Q

Prone

A

Lying on face

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6
Q

Recumbent

A

Lying on side

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7
Q

Fowler’s Position

A

45-60 degree sitting position

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8
Q

Semi-Fowler’s

A

30-45 degree sitting position

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9
Q

Where do you asses following pulses (Carotid, Radial, Femoral)?

A

Carotid: Neck, on either side of wind pipe
Radial: Wrists, just proximal to the thumb
Femoral: Inside thigh, groin area

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10
Q

Define Systolic Pressure

A

Pressure on artery walls when heart contracts.

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11
Q

Define diastolic pressure

A

Pressure on artery walls when heart relaxes.

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12
Q

What is the name of the major artery that begins at the heart and supplies blood to the rest of the body?

A

The Aorta

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13
Q

What are the small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules and exchange oxygen and food for CO2 and waste?

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

What vessel receive blood from the pulmonary vein and pumps O2-rich blood to the left ventricle?

A

L Atrium

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15
Q

What part of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

A

R Ventricle

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the veins throughout the body?

A

Return blood back to the heart.

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17
Q

What vessels receive blood from the body and precede to the R atrium?

A

Superior/Inferior Vena Cava

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18
Q

What vessel carries O2-rich blood from the lungs to the L atrium?

A

Pulmonary Vein

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19
Q

What is an artery?

A

Muscular blood vessel that can dilate and constrict.

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20
Q

What pumps blood to the body via the aortic valve and aorta?

A

L Ventricle

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21
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Blood vessels that are smaller than arteries and bigger than capillaries.

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22
Q

Which heart chamber pumps blood to the body?

A

L Ventricle

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23
Q

What is perfusion?

A

Adequate circulation of O2 providing to cells.

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24
Q

What is hypoperfusion?

A

Inadequate circulation of O2.

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25
Q

What is the main purpose of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange

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26
Q

What are the two main branches that the trachea divides into called?

A

Bronchi

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27
Q

What is the leaf-shaped structure that prevents ingested materials from entering the airway tract?

A

Epiglottis

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28
Q

Largest human organ?

A

Skin

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29
Q

What skull part encloses the brain?

A

Crainum

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30
Q

Why do many victims of elderly abuse avoid reporting it?

A

Fear of retaliation

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31
Q

Define Pneumonia

A

Infection/inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria or viruses.

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32
Q

W0hiy are geriatrics at risk for hypothermia?

A

Loss of thermoregulation

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33
Q

What sign in a heart related event signifies an emergency?

A

Hot, dry skin

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34
Q

The main priority in a near-drowning is…:

A

Provide O2 via ventilation.

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35
Q

The body generates heat through…

A

Movement and shivering

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36
Q

An early sign of hypothermia is…

A

Tachycardia, tachypnea, confusion, shivering, difficulty speaking, and sleepiness.

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37
Q

The body cools itself through:

A

Sweating, blood vessel dilation, evaporative cooling.

38
Q

The body loses or gains heat to nearby objects without physically touching them through:

A

Radiation:

39
Q

Define dyspnea:

A

Shortness of breath (outside normal).

40
Q

Acute constriction of lower airways causes which respiratory condition?

A

Asthma

41
Q

COPD patients often sit in what position to help with breathing?

A

Tripod

42
Q

For a cyanotic patient with shallow, snoring respirations you should?

A

Reposition the airway

43
Q

What is the best course of treatment for a congestive heart failure patient with respiratory distress and pulmonary edema?

A

CPAP

44
Q

What causes meconium during labor?

A

Fetal distress

45
Q

What is the best course of treatment for meconium staining?

A

Suction the mouth and nose.

46
Q

What is the best position for an obviously pregnant patient?

A

L Lateral Recumbent

47
Q

What does APGAR mean?

A 
A- Appearance
P- Pulse
G- Grimace
A- Activity/Muscle Tone
R- Respiration
48
Q

What is APGAR used for?

A

It is used to assess a newborn in order to help bring the baby along.

49
Q

What is the best way to stimulate breathing effort in a newborn?

A

Stimulate soles of feet/rub back.

50
Q

What is the advantage of suctioning the mouth of a neonate before suctioning the nose?

A

Remove potential of aspiration

51
Q

What steps are taken during neonatal resuscitation?

A

Keep warm, suction, ventilations, if HR <60 CPR

52
Q

What sign is an indication of imminent delivery?

A

Crowning

53
Q

What female organ contains the unborn baby?

A

Uterus

54
Q

How many stages of labor are there?

A

3

55
Q

What happens in each stage of labor?

A

1-Starts with contractions, ends with dilation of cervix.
2-Starts with fetus entering birth canal, ends with delivery.
3-Starts with newborn delivery, ends with delivery of placenta (collect and bring to ER).

56
Q

What indicates a breech delivery?

A

Anything but the head coming first (butt, arm, leg)

57
Q

Uterine contractions about 10 minutes after delivery indicate…?

A

Another baby is coming.

58
Q

How many mL of blood is normal for a mom to lose during delivery?

A

500-1000 mL

59
Q

For an infant (<1 y/o) with a foreign body obstruction, what is the first treatment?

A

5 back blows.

60
Q

Sunken fontanelles in an infant typically indicate?

A

Sign of dehydration

61
Q

Seal-barking type cough in a ped pt is typically a sign of?

A

Croup

62
Q

A ped pt found sitting up, drooling, with difficulty swallowing, fever, and respiratory distress is probably experiencing?

A

Epiglottits

63
Q

An infant with bulging fontanelles, fever, rash and neck tenderness is probably experiencing?

A

Meningitis

64
Q

What type of injury do you suspect from a victim of shaken baby syndrome?

A

Head Injuries

65
Q

In suspected sexual abuse, what should be done to preserve evidence?

A

Don’t mess with evidence. Keep pt in their clothes if at all possible

66
Q

What causes a febrile seizure?

A

Sudden elevation of temperature

67
Q

What is the typical reason for cardiac arrest in ped pts?

A

Progressive Respiratory Failure

68
Q

What is the typical reason for shock in ped pts?

A

Vomitting/Diarrhea (dehydration)

69
Q

What causes SIDS?

A

Unknown

70
Q

What is the purpose of the valves between the heart chambers, the pulmonary artery, and the aorta?

A

Valves in Heart: Valves between chambers prevent backflow of blood.
Pulmonary Artery: Carry oxygenated blood from R ventricle to lungs for gas exchange.
Aorta: Carries oxygenated blood from the L ventricle to the systemic circuit.

71
Q

What is the purpose of the coronary arteries and how do they receive oxygenated blood?

A

The coronary arteries supply the myocardium with blood/nutrients. They receive blood via the aorta as the blood backflows through the aortic arch during diastole.

72
Q

What is the medical wording for a heart attack?

A

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

73
Q

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

A

Fight off infection

74
Q

Medical term for stroke?

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

75
Q

Neurological deficits include?

A

Vision changes, slurred speech, weakness, altered mental status, coma

76
Q

Signs and symptoms of a stroke include?

A

Sudden/sever headache, numbness/tingling, dizziness/confusion

77
Q

Define a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

A

Stroke symptoms that go away within 24 hours.

78
Q

Define paradoxical chest motion?

A

See-saw motion. Part of chest wall moves in a direction opposite to the rest.

79
Q

How can one estimate the severity of injuries sustained form a fall?

A

Height of the fall.

80
Q

What is the priority in multi-systems trauma?

A

Rapid transport

81
Q

Blood or clear fluid coming from the ear is a sign of:

A

Head injury (open)

82
Q

What is a complication of a laceration to the neck?

A

Air embolism

83
Q

Primary treatment for a sucking chest wound?

A

Occlusive dressing over wound

84
Q

Define pneumothorax

A

Air in the chest cavity.

85
Q

Implied Consent

A

Pt is unable to express that they need help (altered, minors without legal guardian).

86
Q

Expressed Consent

A

Pt of legal age, making rational decisions, and asking for treatment and transport.

87
Q

Mandatory Reporting

A

State/Local laws that require us to report signs of child, spousal, or elder abuse.

88
Q

Scope of Practice

A

Ethical responsibilities in legal duties to the Medical Director, the patient, and the public.

89
Q

BE FAST Assessment

A

B- Balance (Sudden loss of balance?)
E- Eyes (Vision loss/disturbances in one or both eyes?_
F- Face (Smile! Does one side droop?)j
A- Arm (Hold both arms up. Does on drift?)
S- Speech (Slurred speech or difficulty speaking?)
T- Time (Document time last seen normal and time symptoms started)

90
Q

Normal capnography?

A

35-45

CSFD Information (10 decks)

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