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CSFD Information > HAZMAT Week Study Guide > Flashcards

HAZMAT Week Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Non-Pressure Rail Car

A 
Test Pressure: 60-100 psi
Have at least one manway
Compartmentalized
Capacity: 4,000-45,000 gal
Visible Fittings
Carries: Flammable liquids, liquids, corrosives, and slurries
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2
Q

Pressure Rail Car

A

Test Pressure: 100-600 psi
Capacity : 4,000-45,000 gal
Fittings are out of sight under a single protective housing on top of the rail car.
Carries: Flammable gases like propane, and poisonous gases, like chlorine and sulfur dioxide.

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3
Q

Cryogenic Liquid Rail Car

A 
Low Pressure (below 25 psi)
Refrigerated liquid
Capacity 15,000-30,000 gal
Fittings are in a ground level cabinet
Carries: Argon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, O2
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4
Q

Hopper Rail Car

A

3 Types:
-Covered: Transport dry bulk, grain, calcium carbide, and cement.
-Uncovered: Coal, sand, gravel, rocks
-Pneumatically unloaded: unloaded by air pressure.
Carries: Ammonium nitrate, fertilizer, dry caustic soda

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5
Q

Tube Rail Car

A

Use high pressure tubes

Carries: Helium, Hydrogen, Methane, and O2

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6
Q

Non-Pressure Intermodal Tanks IM-101

A

Pressures: 25.4-100 psi
Capacity of 5,000-6,300 gal
Carries: Hazardous and non-hazardous material (toxics, corrosives, flammables with a flashpoint below 32F

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7
Q

Non-Pressure Intermodal Tanks IM-102

A

Pressure 14.5-25.4 psi
Capacity of 5,000-6,300 gal
Carries: Whisky, alcohols, some corrosives, flammables with flash point ranging from 32-104F

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8
Q

Pressure Intermodal Tanks

A

Spec 51/Type 5

  • Pressure 100-500 psi
  • Capacity of 4,500-5,000 gal
  • Carries: liquefied gases under pressure
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9
Q

Specialized Intermodal Tanks

A 
Cryogenic Intermodal Tank
-Type 7: Carries refrigerated gases, argon O2, and helium
Tube Modules
-High pressure from 3,000-5,000 psi
-Tubes mounted in a frame
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10
Q

Highway Containers: Non-Pressure Liquid Tank

A

DOT406/MC306
Pressure less than 3 psi
Capacity of 9,000 gal
Elliptical aluminum construction
Valve assembly and unloading controls under the tank
Carries: Gas, fuel oil, alcohol, other flammable/combustible products

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11
Q

Highway Containers: Low-Pressure Chemical Tank

A

DOT407/MC307
Pressure under 40 psi
Capacity of 7,000 gal
Horseshoe or rounded ends, double shelled
Carries: Flammable liquids, combo liquid acids, caustics, and poisons

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12
Q

Highway Containers: Corrosive Liquid Tank

A 
DOT412/MC312
Pressure: Less than 75 psi
Capacity: 7,000 gal
Small diameter, round shaped
Splashguard around valve assembly in the rear or middle top loading
Carries: Corrosive liquids
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13
Q

Highway Containers: High Pressure Tanke

A 
MC331
Pressure: Above 100 psi
Capacity: 11,500 gal
Round/Dome-shaped ends
Carries: High pressure gases (propane, butane)
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14
Q

Highway Containers: Cryogenic Liquid Tanks

A

MC338
Pressure: Less than 22 psi
Large, bulky double shelled and heavy insulated steel tank
Ends that are flat, piping contained at the end
Carries: Liquid O2, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen

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15
Q

Highway Containers: Compressed Gas Tube Trailer

A

Pressure: 3,000-5,000 psi
Individual steel cylinders
Valves at the rear
Carries: Compressed gas (air, argon, and helium)

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16
Q

Highway Containers: Dry Bulk Cargo Tank

A

Pressure: Less than 22 psi (typically not under pressure)
V-shaped bottom
Bottom valves
Air-assisted loading and unloading
Carries: Calcium carbide, oxidizers, corrosive solids, and fertilizers

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17
Q

Non-Bulk Containers

A

Max capacity: 119 gal
Max mass of 882 lbs.
Water capacity: 1,001 lbs.

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18
Q

Non-Bulk Containers: Bags

A

Flexible package make of: paper, plastic film, textiles, woven materials.
Carries: explosives, flammable solids, oxidizers, and fertilizers
Sealed with: Ties, stitching, gluing, and crimping
Stored and transported on pallets

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19
Q

Non-Bulk Containers: Carboys/Jerri Cans

A

Larger glass or plastic bottle encased in a basket or box.
Store or transport corrosives, and water.
Capacity: May exceed 20 gal but typically 5 gal
Jerri can is rectangular shaped carboy and is the term used in UN regs.

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20
Q

Non-Bulk Containers: Cylinders

A

Pressure higher than 40 psi

Used to store or transport gaseous materials

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21
Q

Non-Bulk Containers: Drums

A

Flat ended or cylindrical packaging made of: metal, fiberboard, plastic, plywood.
Capacity: Up to 100 gal, but 55 gal is typical.

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22
Q

Radioactive Material Containers Categories

A 
Excepted
Industrial
Type A
Type B
Type C
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23
Q

Radioactive Material Containers: Excepted

A

Used to transport materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity that presents no risk to the public or environment. Like smoke detectors.

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24
Q

Radioactive Material Containers: Industrial

A

Materials that present limited hazards like: slightly contaminated clothing, lab samples.

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25
Q

Radioactive Material Containers: Type A

A

Designed to survive normal transportation, handling, and minor accidents.
Contains limited quantities of radio active material.
Cardboard boxes, wooden crates, or drums

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26
Q

Radioactive Material Containers: Type B

A

Designed to survive severe accidents.
Contains large quantities of radioactive material.
Metal drum, or huge, massive shielded transport container.

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27
Q

Radioactive Material Containers: Type A

A

???

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28
Q

Pipeline Markings

A

Include signal word (Caution, Warning, Danger)
Product Information
Name and emergency telephone number of carrier

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29
Q

NFPA 704 (HAZMAT at fixed facilities)

A

Blue: Health
Red: Flammability
Yellow: Reactivity
White: Special Hazards

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30
Q

Properties/Characteristics Radiological Matter: Alpha Particles

A

Positively charged/large particle.
Can be stopped by a sheet of paper.
Primarily pose an internal, inhalation hazard.

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31
Q

Properties/Characteristics Radiological Matter: Beta Particles

A

Fast moving, positively or negatively charged.
Smaller particles.
Travel up to several feet.
Pose an external and internal hazards.

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32
Q

Properties/Characteristics Radiological Matter: Gamma Rays

A 
High energy.
Easily penetration through the body.
Internal and external hazard.
Need several feet of concrete to stop rays.
Time, distance, shielding.
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33
Q

Boiling Point

A

Liquid turning to a gas.

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34
Q

Corrosives (pH)

A

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (power of hydrogen).

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35
Q

Flammable Range

A

The percentage between the lower and upper explosive limits of a material.

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36
Q

Flash Point

A

The lowest temp at which a liquid will give off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air at the surface.

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37
Q

Ignition (Autoignition)

A

Temperature: minimum temp at which a material will ignite without a spark or flame of water.

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38
Q

Specific Gravity

A

The weight of a solid or liquid substance as compared to the weight of an equal volume of water.

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39
Q

Vapor Density

A

The weight of a vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of air.

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40
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

The amount of force that is pushing vapors form a liquid.

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41
Q

Water Soluble

A

Soluble in water.

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42
Q

Ionizing Radiation

A

High-energy radiation (alpha, beta, x-ray, gamma).

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43
Q

Acid

A

Opposite of a base with a pH of under 7.

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44
Q

Air-reactive

A

A flammable material that will ignite at ambient temperatures when exposed to air.

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45
Q

Catalyst

A

A material that causes or speeds up chemical reaction.

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46
Q

Compound

A

Substance consisting of 2 or more elements that have been united chemically.

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47
Q

Mixture

A

Substance consisting of 2 or more materials not chemically united.

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48
Q

Concentration

A

In a solution, the % of a substance in comparison to the whole.

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49
Q

Dose

A

The accumulated amount of a chemical to which a person has been exposed.

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50
Q

Expansion ratio

A

The amount of a gas produced from a given volume of liquid escaping from a container at a given temperature.

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51
Q

Half-Life

A

Period of time required for any radioactive substance to lose half of its strength or reduce its total present energy.

52
Q

Halogenated Hydrocarbon

A

Chemical compounds that contain carbon plus 1 or more elements from Halogen series.

53
Q

Inhibitor

A

A substance which can stop or retard a chemical reaction.

54
Q

Max safe storage temperatures

A

A temperature below which an oxidizer must be stores and shipped to remain safe.

55
Q

Melting Point

A

Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid at one atmosphere.

56
Q

Freezing Point

A

Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid at one atmosphere.

57
Q

Miscibility

A

The ability of a gas or liquid to dissolve in another gas or liquid (then separate).

58
Q

Nerve Agent

A

Toxic agent that attacks the nervous system by affecting the transmission of impulses.

59
Q

Organic

A

Material that comes from plant or animal.

60
Q

Inorganic

A

Matter other than plant or animal.

61
Q

pH

A

Measure of acidity or an acid or the level of alkaline in a base. Scale 1-14. 7 being neutral.

62
Q

Polymerization

A

A chemical reaction in which 1 or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules.

63
Q

Radioactivity

A

Any process by which unstable nuclei increase their stability by shooting out particles (Alpha, Beta) and Gamma rays.

64
Q

Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperatures (SADT)

A

Temperature at which an oxidizer will decompose and continue to decompose at a faster and faster rate.

65
Q

Solution

A

A liquid mixture.

66
Q

Slurry

A

Watery mixture of insoluble matter such as mud, lime, or plaster of paris.

67
Q

Sublimation

A

Direct change of a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid.

68
Q

Viscosity

A

The measurement of the flow properties of a material, expressed as its resistance to flow.

69
Q

Volatility

A

Ability of a substance to vaporize easily at a relatively low temperature.

70
Q

Parts per million (ppm)

A

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume at 25 C and 1 atmosphere pressure.

71
Q

Parts per billion (ppb)

A

Parts of vapor or gas per billion parts of air by volume at 25 C and 1 atmosphere pressure.

72
Q

Lethal Dose (LD50)

A

The single dose of a substance that causes death of 50% from an exposure to the substance by any route other than inhalation.

73
Q

Lethal Concentration (LC50)

A

The concentration in air that is expected to kill 50% of a group when administered as a single exposure by inhalation in a specific time period.

74
Q

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

A

An OSHA term covering exposures to hazardous chemicals. Relates to legally enforceable TLV limits.

75
Q

Threshold Limit Value Time-Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)

A

Airborne concentration of material to which nearly all workers can be exposed day after day without adverse affect/8H day, 40H week.

76
Q

Threshold Limit Value Short-Term Exposure Limits (TLV-STEL)

A

A fifteen-minute exposure to a chemical followed by a one-hour break between exposures. Only allowed 4 times a day.

77
Q

Threshold Limit Value Ceiling (TLV-C)

A

The maximum TLV allowable.

78
Q

IDLH (Immediate Danger to Life and Health)

A

A concentration of a hazardous material that poses an immediate threat to life, or cause an irreversible or delayed adverse health effect.

79
Q

RAD

A

Radiation absorbed dose.

80
Q

Roentgen

A

English system unit used to measure radiation exposure (gamma and X-ray).

81
Q

Degradation

A

Process that occurs when the characteristics of a material are altered (Molecular breakdown) through contact with a chemical substance (cracking, brittleness, discoloration).

82
Q

Penetration

A

Process that occurs when a hazardous material enter an opening or a puncture in a material.

83
Q

Permeation

A

Process that occurs when a chemical passes through a fabric on a molecular level (no visible evidence).

84
Q

Absorption

A

Sucking up the material.

85
Q

Adsorption

A

Attracting the material to cling to the sorbent’s surface.

86
Q

3 Types of Container Stress

A

Thermal: Excessive heat of cold causing expansion, contraction, and weakening.
Chemical: Uncontrolled reaction/interactions of contents in container and container itself.
Mechanical: Physical application of energy.

87
Q

6 Ways a Container can Breach

A

1) Disintegration
2) Runaway cracking (BLEVE)
3) Attachment (Closures) open or break
4) Puncture
5) Split or Tear
6) Metal reduction: corrosive action of an acid on steel.

88
Q

4 Ways a container can release it contents

A

1) Detonation
2) Violent rupture
3) Rapid Relief
4) Spill or leak

89
Q

Detonation

A

Instantaneous and explosive release.

90
Q

Violent Rupture

A

Immediate release caused by a runaway crack.

91
Q

Rapid Relief

A

Fast relief through properly operation safety devices caused by damaged valves, piping.

92
Q

Levels of HAZMAT Incidents

A

Level I
Level II
Level III

93
Q

Levels of HAZMAT Incidents: Level I

A
  • Least serious

- Small amount of gas spilled, leak from a domestic house gas line, broken consumer commodities.

94
Q

Levels of HAZMAT Incidents: Level II

A
  • Require the service of a formal HAZMAT team
  • Use chemical protective clothing
  • Dike, dam, confine material
  • Plugging, patching leaking containers.
  • Decontamination
  • Large scale evacuation
  • Fire posing a possible “BLEVE”
95
Q

Levels of HAZMAT Incidents: Level III

A
  • Combined mutual aid resources from state, local, federal agencies.
  • Specialists from industry and government agencies.
  • Decon on a large scale.
  • Activate the federal response plan.
96
Q

Incident Management System (IMS)

A

Purpose: Organize people, equipment, and resources to respond to any emergency situation.
Need: To control activities at incident.
Elements

97
Q

Incident Management System: Elements

A

Command: Directing, ordering, and controlling resources.
Finance/Admin
Logistics: Support mechanism (facilities, supplies, equipment, maintenance, fueling, meals, comms, and medical)
Operations: Responsible for directing management of all incident tactical activities, the tactical priorities, and the safety and welfare of personnel working in the operational decision making.
Planning: Gathering resources to make appropriate decision making.
Safety Officer: Monitors and identifies unsafe situations, alter, suspend, or terminate any unsafe activity.

98
Q

4 Levels of PPE

A

Level A
Level B
Level C
Level D

99
Q

Levels of PPE: Level A

A
  • Unknown substance
  • Highest available level of protection
  • SCBA
  • Fully encapsulation, gas tight
  • Inner chemical resistant gloves
  • Outer gloves
100
Q

Levels of PPE: Level B

A

Known substance but still need a high level of protection

  • Same level of respiratory protection as Level A
  • Chemical resistant clothing
  • Inner and outer chemical resistant gloves
  • Chemical resistant safety booths
  • SCBA on the outside of chemical resistant clothing
101
Q

Levels of PPE: Level C

A

Same level of skin protection as Level B

  • Lower level of respiratory protection
  • All air contaminants identified
  • At least 19.5% O2 level
  • APR
  • Chemical resistant clothing
  • Inner and outer chemical resistant gloves
  • Chemical resistant boots
102
Q

Levels of PPE: Level D

A

No respiratory protection/minimal chemical protection but good safety protection.

  • No atmospheric hazard
  • No splash, immersion, unexpected inhalation
  • Atmosphere contains at least 19.5% O2
103
Q

Hazard Classes

A 
1-Explosives
2-Gases
3-Flammable and Combustible Liquids
4-Flammable Solids
5-Oxidizer and Organic Peroxide
6-Poisonous liquid, solids, and infectious substances
7-Radioactive
8-Corossive
9-Miscellaneous Materials
Every Good Firefighter Fights Old People Running Crack M???
104
Q

Hazard Classes: Explosives

A
  1. 1- Mass Explosion Hazard (TNT, Black Powder)
  2. 2- Projection Hazard (Rocket Motors, Ammo)
  3. 3- Fire Hazard, Minor Blast or Projection
  4. 4- Minor Explosion Hazard/No Projection
  5. 5-Very Insensitive/Mass Explosive Potential
  6. 6-Extremely Insensitive/No Mass Explosive
105
Q

Hazard Classes: Gases

A
  1. 1-Flammable Gas (Propane, Butane)
  2. 2-Nonflammable Gas (CO2)
  3. 3-Poison Gas (Chlorine, Phosphine)
106
Q

Hazard Classes: Flammable and Combustible Liquids

A

Flammable: Flash point below 141F (acetone, gasoline)
Combustible: Flash point above 141F (Diesel)

107
Q

Hazard Classes: Flammable Solids

A
  1. 1: Flammable Solids; self reactive material, readily combustible solids.
  2. 2: Spontaneously Combustible; pyrophoric material, self-heating material (aluminum alkyhalides, phosphorus).
108
Q

Hazard Classes: Oxidizer and Organic Peroxide

A
  1. 1- Oxidizer; supplies O2 (magnesium nitrate)

5. 2- Organic peroxide (dibenzoyl peroxide)

109
Q

Hazard Classes: Poisonous liquid, solids, and infectious substances

A
  1. 1- Poison (aniline, tear gas device)

6. 2- Infectious substance

110
Q

Hazard Classes: Corrosive Materials

A

-Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid

111
Q

Hazard Classes: Miscellaneous

A

Molten Sulphur

112
Q

Hazardous Materials Placarding Tables: Table 1

A
  • Explosives (orange): 1.1, 1.2, ,1.3
  • Gases: 2.3 (Poison gas; skull and crossbones with black background)
  • Flammable Solids: 4.3 (Dangerous when wet; blue, white letters)
  • Oxidizers: 5.2 (Organic Peroxide, yellow)
  • Poisons: 6.2 (Inhalation Hazard; skull and crossbones with black background)
  • Radioactive (7 only, radioactive yellow III; yellow over white)
113
Q

Hazardous Materials Placarding Tables: Table 2

A
  • Explosive: 1.4, 1.5, 1.6
  • Gases: 2.1 (flammable gas, red), 2.2 (nonflammable gas, green)
  • Flammable Liquids: 3 (flammable liquids and combustible liquids, red)
  • Flammable solids: 4.1 (Flammable liquids, red and white vertical stripes), 4.2 (Spontaneously Combustible, white over red)
  • Oxidizers: 5.1 (Oxidizer, yellow), 5.2 (Organic peroxide, yellow, other than type b organic peroxide)
  • Poisons: 6.1 (Other than inhalation hazard, skull and crossbones with black background)
  • Corrosives: (8 any corrosives, white over black)
114
Q

Chemical Warfare

A

1-Nerve Agents
2-Blood Agents
3-blister or Vesicant Agents
4-Chocking Agents

115
Q

Chemical Warfare: Nerve Agents

A

They effect the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase throughout the body.

116
Q

Chemical Warfare: Blood Agents

A

Simply put, they block the O2 for the RBCs.

117
Q

Chemical Warfare: Blister/Vesicant Agents

A

Burn or blister the skin on any part of the body they contact.

118
Q

Chemical Warfare: Choking Agents

A

They attack lung tissue, primary causing pulmonary edema.

119
Q

SLUDGEM

A 
S-Salivation
L-Lacrimation
U-Urination
D-Defecation
G-Gastric Distress
E-Emesis
M-Miosis
120
Q

DUMBELS

A 
D-Defecation
U-Urination
M-Miosis
B-Bradycardia/Bronchospasm
E-Emesis
L-Lacrimation
S-Salivation
121
Q

Bio Agents

A

Bacteria: Single cells organisms
Viruses: Smaller than Bacteria
Toxins: Poison’s produced by plants, fungi, animals, and bacteria.

122
Q

How Foam Works

A

Separating-Creates a barrier between the fuel and burning vapors.
Cooling-Lowers the temp of the fuel and adjacent surfaces.
Suppressing-Prevents the release of additional flammable vapors.
Penetration: Lowers the surface tension of water and allows it to penetrate deep seated fires.

123
Q

How Foam is Generated

A

FOAM CONCENTRATE: Liquid found in a foam storage container before the introduction to water.
FOAM SOLUTION: Mixture in the proper ration of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air.
FOAM PROPORTIONER: Device that mixes foam concentrate in the proper ratio with water.
FINIHSED FOAM: Completed product after air is added into the foam solution and leaves the nozzle.

124
Q

3 Types of Expansion Foam

A

1: Low Expansion Foam - 20:1
2: Medium Expansion Foam - 20:1 to 200:1
3: High Expansion Foam - 200:1 to 1000:1

125
Q

2 Types of Concentrates

A 
Class A foam: For class A fires
Class B foam: For class B fires 
(Designed solely for hydrocarbon fires)
126
Q

4 Types of Class B Foam

A

1: Protein foam - Made from animal by products
2: Fluoroprotein Foam - Combination protein based and synthetic based foam
3: Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) - synthetic based foam
4: Alcohol - Resistant foam - similar to AFFF, formulated so alcohols and other polar solvents will not dissolve the foam.

127
Q

Foam Application Techniques

A

1- Roll On Method
2- Bank Down Method
3- Rain Down Method - Mainly used for aboveground storage tank fires.

CSFD Information (10 decks)

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