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CSFD Information > HAZMAT Terms Section > Flashcards

HAZMAT Terms Section Flashcards

1
Q

Boiling Point

A

Liquid turning to a gas

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2
Q

Corrosives (pH)

A

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (power of hydrogen).

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3
Q

Flammable Range

A

The percentage between the lower and upper explosive limits (LEL/UEL) of a material.

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4
Q

Flash Point

A

The lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air at the surface.

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5
Q

Ignition (Auto Ignition)

A

Temperatures: minimum temperature at which a material will ignite without a spark/flame present.

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6
Q

Specific Gravity

A

The weight of a solid or liquid substance as compared to the weight of an equal volume of water.

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7
Q

Vapor Density

A

The weight of a vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of air.

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8
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

The amount of force that is pushing vapors from a liquid.

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9
Q

Water Soluble

A

Soluble in water

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10
Q

Ionizing Radiation

A

High-energy radiation (alpha, beta, x-ray, gamma)

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11
Q

Acid

A

Opposite of a base with a pH of under 7.

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12
Q

Air-Reactive

A

A flammable material that will ignite at ambient temperatures when exposed to air.

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13
Q

Catalyst

A

A material that causes or speeds up chemical reaction.

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14
Q

Compound

A

Substance consisting of 2 or more elements that have been united chemically.

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15
Q

Mixture

A

Substance consisting of 2 or more materials not chemically united.

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16
Q

Concentration

A

In a solution, the % of a substance in comparison to the whole.

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17
Q

Dose

A

The accumulated amount of a chemical to which a person has been exposed.

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18
Q

Expansion Ratio

A

The amount of a gas produced from a given volume of liquid escaping from a container at a given temperature.

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19
Q

Half-Life

A

Period of time required for any radioactive substance to lose half of its strength or reduce its total present energy.

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20
Q

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

A

Chemical compounds that contain carbon plus 1 or more elements from Halogen series.

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21
Q

Inhibitor

A

A substance which can stop or retard a chemical reaction.

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22
Q

Maximum Safe Storage Temperature

A

A temperature below which an oxidizer must be stored and shipped to remain safe.

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23
Q

Melting Point

A

Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid at one atmosphere.

24
Q

Freezing Point

A

Temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid.

25
Q

Miscibility

A

The ability of a gas or liquid to dissolve in another gas or liquid (then separate).

26
Q

Nerve Agent

A

Toxic agent that attacks the nervous system by affection the transmission of impulses.

27
Q

Inorganic

A

Matter other than plant or animal.

28
Q

Organic

A

Material that comes from plant or animal.

29
Q

pH

A

Measure of acidity or an acid or the level of alkaline in a base. Scale 1-14. 7 being neutral.

30
Q

Polymerization

A

A chemical reaction in which 1 or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules.

31
Q

Radioactivity

A

Any process by which unstable nuclei increase their stability by shooting out particles (Alpha, Beta) and Gamma rays.

32
Q

Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT)

A

Temperature at which a oxidizer will decompose and continue to decompose at a faster and faster rate.

33
Q

Solution

A

A liquid mixture.

34
Q

Sublimation

A

Direct change of solid to a gas without becoming a liquid.

35
Q

Viscosity

A

The measurement of the flow properties of a material, expressed as its resistance to flow.

36
Q

Volatility

A

Ability of a substance to vaporize easily at a relatively low temperature.

37
Q

Parts per million (ppm)

A

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume at 25C and 1 atmosphere pressure.

38
Q

Parts per billion (ppb)

A

Parts of vapor or gas per billion parts of air by volume at 25C and 1 atmosphere pressure.

39
Q

Lethal Dose (LD50)

A

The single dose of substance that causes death of 50% from an exposure to the substance by any route other than inhalation.

40
Q

Lethal Concentration (LC50)

A

The concentration in air that is expected to kill 50% of group when administered as a single exposure by inhalation in a specific time period.

41
Q

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

A

An OSHA term covering exposures to hazardous chemicals. Relates to legally enforceable TLV limits.

42
Q

Threshold Limit Value Time-Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)

A

Airborne concentration of material to which nearly all workers can be exposed day after day without adverse affect/8-hr/day, 40-hr/week.

43
Q

Threshold Limit Value Time-Term Exposure Limits (TLV-STEL)

A

A fifteen-minute exposure to a chemical followed by a one-hr break between exposures. Only allowed 4 times a day.

44
Q

Threshold Limit Value Ceiling (TLV-C)

A

The maximum TLV allowable.

45
Q

IDLH (Immediate Danger to Life and Death)

A

A concentration of a hazardous material that poses an immediate threat to life, or cause an irreversible or delayed adverse health effect.

46
Q

RAD

A

Radiation Absorbed Dose.

47
Q

Roentgen

A

English system unit used to measure radiation exposure (gamma and X-ray).

48
Q

Degradation

A

Process that occurs when the characteristics of a material are altered (Molecular breakdown) through contact with a chemical substance (cracking, brittleness, discoloration).

49
Q

Penetration

A

Process that occurs when a hazardous material enter an opening or a puncture in a material.

50
Q

Permeation

A

Process that occurs when a chemical passes through a fabric on a molecular level (no visible evidence).

51
Q

Absorption

A

Sucking up the material.

52
Q

Adsorption

A

Attracting the material to cling to the sorbent’s surface.

53
Q

3 Types of Container Stress

A

1-THERMAL: Excessive heat or cold causing expansion, contraction, and weakening.
2-CHEMICAL: Uncontrolled reaction/interactions of contents in container and container itself.
3-MECHANICAL: Physical application of energy.

54
Q

6 Ways a Container can Breach

A 
1-Disintegration
2-Runaway cracking (BLEVE)
3-Attachment (Closures) open or break
4-Puncture
5-Split or Tear
6-Metal Reduction (Corrosive action of an acid on steel)
55
Q

4 Ways a Container can Release its Contents

A

1-DETONATION: Instantaneous and explosive release
2-VIOLENT RUPTURE: Immediate release caused by a runaway crack.
3-RAPID RELIEF: Fast relief through properly operation safety devices caused by damaged valves/piping.
4-SPILL OR LEAK

CSFD Information (10 decks)

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