Medical Terminology Flashcards
Neuro
Nerve
Cardio
Heart
Naso
Nasal
Oro
Oral
Hyper
High, above normal
Hypo
Low, below normal
Tachy
Above normal, rapid
Heart
Brady
Below normal, slow
Ac
Pertaining to
Ology
Study of
Al
Pertaining to
Ist
One who specializes
Anatomical position
Standard use when referring to a location on your patient.
Supine
Patient is on back
Prone
The patient is on stomach
Right lateral recumbent
The patient is on there right side
Left lateral recumbent
The patient is on there left side
Medial or midline
Imaginary vertical line dream through the center of the body.
Lateral
Away from the midline
Superior
Toward the head
Inferior
Toward the feet
Distal
Farther from point of attachment
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
Anterior/ventral
Toward the front
Posterior/dorsal
Toward the back
Superficial
Toward the surface
Deep
Father from the surface
Internal
Inside
External
Outside
Cranial cavity
Contains the brain
Thoracic cavity (chest)
Contains the heart, lunges, great vessels trachea and esophagus
Abdominal cavity
Contains the stomach, intestines, liver, bladder, pancreas, spleen, appendix and kidneys
Pelvic cavity
Bladder,electrum and internal female reproductive organs
Abdominal cavity is broken up how from the midline?
Into 4 quadrants Right upper Right lower Left upper Left lower
Anatomy
The study of structure
Topographic anatomy
Anatomy that looks at the external surfaces and the shapes given by underlying structures.
Gross anatomy
Anatomy that looks at the structures visible to the naked eye.
Microscopic anatomy
Anatomy that looks at the structures only visible through a microscope.
Physiology
The study of biological function.
Homeostasis
The body’s state of balance between all the body process.
Ligaments
Structures that attach bone to bone
Tendons
Cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones.
How many systems in the human body work together to support life?
11 systems
How many bones in the adult Skelton?
206 bones
Cranium
Composed of serval bones that are fused together to form the skull.
Mandible
Movable bone of the lower jaw
Vertebrae
7 vertebrae forming the neck
Thoracic spine
12 vertebrae forming upper back
Lumbar spine
5 vertebrae forming the posterior pelvic girdle
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae forming the posterior pelvic girdle
Coccyx
4 vertebrae forming the tail bone
Sternum
Breastbone
Xiphoid process
Cartilage at the inferior end of the sternum
Ilium
Major bone of the pelvic girdle contains the iliac crests
Ischium
Bone that forms the loops on the inferior pelvis
Pubis
Anterior portion of the pelvis
Clavicle
Collarbone
Scapula
Shoulder bone
Humerus
Bone of the arm
Radius
Lateral bone of the lower arm
Ulna
Medical bone of the lower arm
Femur
Bone in the leg
Largest bone in the body
Tibia
Larger medical bone of the lower leg
Fibula
Smaller lateral bone of the lower leg
Immovable joints
Bone joints that are fused together
Slightly movable joints
Bone joints that have a limited range of motion
Freely movable joints
Bone joints that have a great range of motion.
How many muscles in the human body?
600 muscles
Most work in pairs
Voluntary muscle
Muscles type under conscious control
Skeletal muscle
Involuntary muscle
Muscle type not under conscious control
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Muscle type only found in the heart
Ventilation
The mechanical process of moving air in and out of the body
Respiration
Movement of air in and out of the lungs
How many breaths per min does the average adult take?
12-20 breaths per min
Inspiration
Movement of air into the lungs
Expiration
Moment of air out of the lungs.
Pharynx
Throat
Larynx
Voice box
Trachea
Windpipe
Bronchi
Part of the airway beaching off the trachea
Alveoli
Structure at the end of the bronchioles where has exchange occurs
Diaphragm
Major muscle of the respiratory system
Atria
Superior chambers of the heart
Ventricles
Inferior chambers of the heart
Coronary arteries
Arteries supplying the heart muscle with blood
Arteries
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arterioles
Small arteries connected to the capillaries
Veins
Vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Venules
Small veins connected to the capillaries
Plasma
Yellowish liquid component of the blood
Red blood cells
Blood cells that carry oxygen
White blood cells
Blood cells that fight off infection
Platelets
Blood components that help with clotting.
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Nerves that transmit impulses to and from the central nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Voluntary nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Involuntary nervous system
Reflex
Emergency nervous system response
How many major layers of the skin?
3
Epidermis
The outermost layer
Gives the skin color, mostly dead cells
Dermis
Middle layer
Contains the blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory nerves
Subcutaneous
Inner layer
Mostly fat
Infancy
Birth-1 year
120-160 heart rate
30-60 respiratory rate
Toddler phase
12-36 months
80-130 heart rate
20-30 respiratory rate
Preschool age
3-5years
80-120 heart rate
20-30 respiratory rate
School age
6-12 years
70-110 heart rate
20-30 respiratory rate
Adolescent
13-19 years
55-105 heart rate
12-20 respiratory rate
Early adulthood
20-40 years
Average 70 heart rate
12-20 min respiratory rate
Blood pleasure is often measured how
Age + 100
Middle adult
41-60 years
Inhalation
Process of bringing air into the vest cavity
Exhalation
Air leavening as muscles relax
Patent
An airway that is open and clear
Cyanosis
Imperfectly oxygenated blood
Blueness or gray skin color
Paradoxical motion
Movement opposite of normal
One lung goes up while another down
Flail segment
A section of ribs that have been broken and detached from the chest cavity
Pulmonary ventilation
Process of moving air in and out of the lungs
Oxygenation
Levels of oxygen on the blood carried to the body
Respiration
Process of moving oxygen throughout the body and transporting carbon dioxide from cells.
What is the most common air way obstruction
Tongue
What position will you use to open n it way with a unresponsive patient with no spinal injury
Head tilt and chin lift
With a spinal injury and closed airway
Jaw thrust maneuver
Suction catheters
Merited into the pharynx to remove obstructions
Oropharyngeal airway
An airway adjunct inserted through the mouth to open the air way
Accessory muscle use
Muscles not normally used to assist with breathing
Retractions
Appearance of the skin being sucked in
Hemoglobin
Carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be removed
Non breather masks deliver up to what percent oxygen
90%
Nasal cannula
Lower oxygen concentration
Two superior chambers in the heart
Arita
Two inferior chambers in the heart
Ventricles
Occurs when the heart stops beating
Cardiac arrest
Radial pulse
Wrist
AED
Automated external defibrillators
Sends electrical signals to the heart to correct the problem
Xiphoid process
Small protrusion in the sternum
S A M P L E
S: sings and symptoms A: allergies M: medications P: past medical history L: last oral intake E: events leading up too
O P Q S T
O: onset Provocation: Quantity Region Severity Time
Scene size up
First part of patient assessment, 5 major components
- Scene safety
- Standard precaution
- Resource determination
- Number of patients
- Mechanism of injury or nature of illness
Index of suspicion
Mechanism or cause of injury
MCI
Mass casualty incident
Standard precautions
Prevent transmission of patients body fluids
8 basic components to primary assessment
General impression Level of consciousness Airway Breathing Circulation Disability- metal state Expose- expose injury Update incoming EMS units
A
V
P
U
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
Chief complaint
Patients main concerns or complaint
Mechanism of injury
Force that cause trauma
Aura phase
Patient becomes aware of a seizure
Tonic phase
Patient collapses
Clinic phase
Muscles alternate between contractions
Postictial phase
Regains responsiveness
