Medical Emergenices Flashcards
0
Q
Alveoli
A
Small sacs at the end of the respiratory tree where gas exchange takes place.
1
Q
Accessory muscle use
A
The body is enlisting other muscles to help move air in and out of the chest.
2
Q
Asthma
A
A respiratory condition that causes airway narrowing/ constriction
3
Q
Wheezing
A
Audible high pitched breath sound heard when air passes through a constricted air opening.
4
Q
Stethoscope
A
Medical device used to auscultate or listen to noises not readily heard outside the body.
5
Q
Pulmonary edema
A
Fluid that builds up around the alveoli in the lunges when the heart does not pump efficiently.
6
Q
Congestive heart failure
A
Medical condition caused by backup of fluid in to the lunges from the hearts inability to properly pump.
7
Q
Myocardial infarction
A
Medical condition felt when a coronary artery becomes occluded or blocked.
8
Q
Cardiac arrest
A
The heart stops breathing
9
Q
Sudden cardiac death
A
Phenomenon marked by cardiac arrest being the first cardiac symptom or arising soon after initial down time.
10
Q
Chronic bronchitis
A
Medical condition marked by a long term accumulation of excess mucous in the lower airway
11
Q
Emphysema
A
Respiratory disease often caused by smoking resulting in a breakdown of the alveoli prohibiting gas exchange
12
Q
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A
Term described diseases which are long term in nature and cause an partial occlusion of the airway
13
Q
Cold weather induced asthma
A
Cold weather trigger asthma like symptoms
14
Q
The heart generally pumps at how many times per min?
A
80 times
15
Q
Dependent
A
Fluid builds up at the lowest parts of the body.
16
Q
Pneumonia
A
Infection of the lunges
17
Q
Tripod position
A
Sitting position uses to assist the patients respiration. This allows maximum chest capacity inspiration
18
Q
Pneumothorax
A
A leak or tear in the lung causing air to fill in the thoracic cavity
19
Q
Altered mental status
A
Condition of decreased alertness and responsiveness
20
Q
Glucose
A
A form of simple sugar that is the main source of fuel for the body’s cell
21
Q
Insulin
A
Hormone that allows glucose to enter the body’s cells
22
Q
Diabetes mellitus
A
Commonly referred to as diabetes a condition that prevents individuals from producing enough insulin
23
Q
Diabetes
A
Common term for diabetes mellitus
24
Hyperglycemia
High blood glucose
25
Hypoglycemia
Low blood glucose
26
Stroke
A condition that interrupts the blood supply to the brain
27
Transient ischemic attack
Signs and symptoms of a stroke that only last a short period of time. These temporary signs and symptoms may indicate a Mini stroke TIA
28
Seizure
A sudden change in behavior or movement caused by irregular electrical activity in the brain
29
Status epilepticus
A continuous seizure or two or more seizures in a row without a period of responsiveness
30
Poison
Any substance that can be harmful to the body
31
Drug abuse
The self administration of the one or more drugs in a way that differs from the approval medical or social practice
32
Overdose
An emergency that involves positioning by drugs or alcohol
33
Withdrawal
The effects on the body that occur after a period of abstinence from the drug or alcohol to which the body has become accustomed
34
Bath salts
A stimulant drug in powder form
35
Carbon monoxide
An odorless colorless tasteless poisonous gas that an be especially lethal
36
Allergen
Any substance that causes an abnormal immune response or hypersensivity
37
Antibodies
Protein molecules produced by B cells as a primary immune defense
38
Allergic reaction
An exaggerated immune response
39
Anaphylaxis
A severe potentially life threatening allergic reaction
40
Anaphylactic shock
Another term for anaphylaxis
41
Acute abdomen
A sudden onset of severe abdominal pain
42
Fetal position
Position where the patient lies on his or her side with legs drawn up to his or her arms crossed at the chest
43
Distended
Appearance of being expanded or swollen
44
Hemodialysis
Treatment where the patients blood passes through a dialysis machine which filtures the blood of excess water and waste
45
Trauma centers
Hospitals that meet strict criteria that provide 24/7 care in trauma patients.
46
Scene safety has how many decisions?
5
1. Scene safety
2. Standard precautions
3. Mechanism of injury
4. Number of patients
5. Resource determination
47
Index of suspicion
A general idea of how bad a persons injuries may be based upon the mechanism of injury
48
When conducting an examination on a trauma patient you what to check for what?
D- deformity
O- open injuries
T- tenderness
S- swelling
49
When conducting a head to toe exam you inspect by?
Palpating
50
Glasgow coma scale
Scale used to determine and dictate triage
Eye+ verbal+ motor= total
No less than 3
51
Perfusion
The consistent delivery of blood to adequately oxygenate cells
52
Shock
Inadequate perfusion of the body at a cellar level
53
What are the for types of shock?
Cardiogenic- pump problem
Distributive- vascular tone
Hypovolemic-blood loss
Pressure- caused by obstruction
54
Compensated shock
The early stage where perfusion is maintained but body increases heart rate and constriction of blood
55
Hypoxia
Inadequate oxygen of the tissue
56
Decompensated shock
Later stages were compensation methods begin to fail die to increasing lack of oxygen to vital organs
57
Decompensate
The failure of the body to compensate for injury
58
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
59
Arterial bleeding
Bright red
| Spurts from wound
60
Venous bleeding
Dark red
| Flows steadily
61
Capillary bleeding
Dark red
| Oozes from body
62
Internal bleeding
Caused when internal organs are injured or bones are fractured and bleed beneath the skin
63
Exsanguinating hemorrhage
Uncontrolled severe bleeding I'm a massive volume that quickly leads to loss of total blood volume
64
Direct pressure
Is pressure placed directly onto a wound to slow or stop bleeding
Min of 5 mins
65
Anaphylactic shock
Caused by blood loss
66
Obstructive shock
Caused by blood being blocked
67
Sucking chest wound
An open wound in the chest where air is pulled in and pushed out as the patient breaths
68
Pneumothorax
Air in the space between the lung and the chest wall
69
Occlusive dressing
Dressing to creat a seal over certain types of wounds
70
Tension pneumothorax
Accumulated air in the pleural space that collapses the lung and puts pressure on the heart and great vessels causing profound shock
71
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Occurs without trauma, generally a hole in the lung causes by weakened tissue typically smokers or COPD
72
Hemothorax
Blood in the pleural space can collapse the lung
73
Crepitus
The grating sound of bones rubbing together
74
Fail chest
Two or more adjacent ribs that are broken in two or more places creating a free floating section
75
Paradoxical breathing
One side of the chest rises as the other falls
76
Traumatic asphyxia
Occurs when a massive trauma is applied over a large portion of the chest
77
Evisceration
Occurs when abdominal organs such a intestine protrude from an open wound
78
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI)
Bleeding that occurs within the stomach
79
Abdominal distention
Enlargement of the patients abdomen due to pressure from within, result of internal bleeding
80
Open wound
A wound in which the skin has been broken
81
Closed wound
A wound in which the skin has not been broken
82
Blunt trauma
Force applied over a large area
83
Contusion
A bruise often caused by blunt trauma
| Swollen and dis colored
84
Ecchymosis
Bleeding beneath the skin
| A bruise
85
Hematoma
A large amount of bleeding beneath the skin enough to raise a bluish dis colored lump
86
Abrasions
A rubbing or scrapping force that penetrates and destroys the outermost layer of the skin
87
Laceration
A icy to the skin or layers of soft tissue beneath the skin caused by a sharp object
88
Avulsion
An injury in which the force partially or completely years away large pieces of soft tissue
89
Puncture
A penetration of the skin that damages the soft tissue in the path of the object
90
Dressing
A covering for a wound
91
Trauma dressing
Large and absorbent dressing designed for major wounds
92
Bandage compress
A dressing with a bandage attached
93
Occlusive dressing
Material airtight and is designed to creat a seal over certain types of wounds
94
Hemostatic agents
Contains a drying agent to help control bleeding
95
Roller bandage
Comes in rolls tends to cling together when rolled on itself
96
Triangle bandage
A bandage made from a large piece of unbleached cotton cut to form a triangle
97
Air embolism
Air bubble in the bloodstream
98
Amputation
Complete detachment of a body part from the rest if the body
99
Superficial burn
Epidermis
100
Partial thickness
Epidermis and dermis
101
Full thickness burn
Burns fat and muscle
102
Cerebrospinal fluid
The protective liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
103
Vertebrae
Spinal column
| 33 bones
104
Articulation
Two bones moving together as a joint
105
Posturing
Involuntary movement of the patients limbs that occur either spontaneous or with pain
106
Foramen magnum
Hole at the base of the skull where spinal cord connects with the brainstem
107
Herniation
Pressure forcing the upper portions of the brain downward
108
Cushing triad
Three trends in vital signs
Increasing blood pressure
Abnormal respiration patterns
Decreasing pulse
109
Concussion
A blow to the head that temporarily interrupts the function of the brain
110
Battle sign
Bruising behind the ears
111
Raccoon eyes
Bruising behind the eyes typically denoting an open head injury
112
Orbit
Bony structure that houses the eye
113
Rigid eye shield
Special cup designed to protect the eye
114
Secondary injury
An injury occurs as a result of movement after original injury
115
Neutral position
The head is neither flexed forward nor extended back
116
Orthopedic injury
An injury to the skeletal system or associated muscles joints tendons and ligaments
117
Axial skeleton
The skull rib cage and spinal column
118
Appendicular skeleton
The arms and legs
119
Open injury
Broken one perforated the skin
120
Closed injury
Broken bone that has intact skin
121
Strain
Occurs when muscles and tendons are overworked and stretched and extended beyond normal rage
122
Sprain
Ligaments that connect bone to bone are over extended and stretched beyond there range
123
Dislocation
Joint is disrupted, bone joint is out of place
124
Angulated fracture
Normally straight bone that has been bent due to a fracture
125
Crepitus
Grating sound when broken bone ends rub together
126
Sling and swathe
Immobilization technique of a sling securing the arm to the body
127
Traction splint
Mechanical device provides gentle traction to decrease pain and prevent muscle spasm
128
Metabolism
All the physical and chemical changes that occur in the body
129
Convention
Heat loss through air or water passing over the body
130
Conduction
Heat loss through direct contact with an object
131
Radiation
Heat loss involving the transfer of the heat to
| An object without physical contact
132
Evaporation
Process of sweat changes vapors and cools the body
133
Respiration
Heat loss through breathing
134
Hypothermia
Condition of lower than normal body temps
135
Frostbite
Localized cold injury
136
Gangrene
Localized tissue death
137
Hyperthermia
Condition of higher than normal body temps
138
Hear cramps
Spasms of the muscles
139
Heat exhaustion
Mild state of shock
140
Heatstroke
Body becomes over heated
141
Drowning
Respiratory impairment due to submersion in a liquid
142
Suffocation
Deprivation of air exchange
143
Angina pectoris
Is condition where the heart is receiving reduced blood flow.
144
Pulmonary edema
Fluids build up around alveoli
145
Myocardial infraction
Heart attack
| Coronary arteries blocked
146
Angina pectoris
Heart is receiving reduced blood flow from plaque build up
147
Ventricular fibrillation
Rhythm disturbance
148
Pneumothorax
You may hear crackles and rhonchi
149
Three ways to determine stroke
Facial droop
Arm drift
Speech
150
Behavior emergency
Any situation in which a patients behavior is unacceptable
151
Epipen
Device carrying epinephrine a hormone produced by the body
152
If symptoms don't get better after 10 mins from an epi pen do what?
Second dose
153
On a Glasgow coma scale a patient a score below 13 is a what?
Load and go
154
Four types of shock
Cardiogenic
Distributive
Hypovolemic
Pressure
155
Battle sign
Bruising behind the ears
156
Raccoon eyes
Bruising around the eyes
157
If you have to flush your eye continuously wash for how long?
30 to 60 mins
