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Nursing Assistant Care: The Basics 6th ed. > Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Flashcards

From the Vocab list plus the word 'Battery"

1
Q

Absorption

A

The taking in, incorporation, or reception of gases, liquids, light, or heat

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2
Q

Abuse

A

Any action that intentionally harms or injures another person

There are several major types of abuse: physical, sexual, substance, elder, and psychological

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3
Q

AC

A

Abbreviation for ante cibum, meaning before meals

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4
Q

ADL

A

Activities of Daily Living

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5
Q

AM Care

A

Morning care, this can include positioning, vitals, assessments, and getting resident ready for the day

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6
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing, especially during sleep

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7
Q

Aspiration

A

Inhalation of some foreign material; aspiration of vomitus, blood, or mucus may occur when a person is unconscious or under the effects of a general anesthetic

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8
Q

Assault

A

A threat resulting in a person feeling fearful that they will be harmed

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9
Q

Atrophy

A

A wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use leading to decreased function

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10
Q

Battery

A

The intentional touching of a person without their consent

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11
Q

BID

A

Abbreviation for bis in die, meaning twice a day

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12
Q

BBP

A

Blood-Borne Pathogens

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13
Q

Brachial

A

Of, relating to, or resembling the arm or a similar or homologous part, such as the foreleg, wing, or other forelimb of a vertebrate

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14
Q

Cells

A

The smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid

Cells are highly variable and specialized in both structure and function, although all must at some stage replicate proteins and nucleic acids, use energy, and reproduce themselves

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15
Q

Client

A

A synonym for a patient who receives health care in an ambulatory care setting, especially when health maintenance rather than illness care is the primary service provided

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16
Q

Coma

A

A deep sleep, or a state of extreme unresponsiveness, in which an individual exhibits no voluntary movement or behavior.

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17
Q

Confusion

A

A mental state in which reactions to environmental stimuli are inappropriate because the person is bewildered, perplexed, or unable to orientate herself or himself

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18
Q

Constipation

A

An acute or chronic condition in which bowel movements occur less often than usual or consist of hard, dry stools that are painful or difficult to pass

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19
Q

Contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to stretching; this can lead to permanent disability. It can be caused by fibrosis of the tissues supporting the muscle or the joint, or by disorders of the muscle fibers themselves

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20
Q

Cyanosis

A

Cyanosis is a physical sign causing bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Cyanosis is caused by circulation issues or a lack of oxygen in the blood

Cyanosis is associated with cold temperatures, heart failure, lung diseases, and smothering. It is seen in infants at birth as a result of heart defects, respiratory distress syndrome, or lung and breathing problems

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21
Q

Dangle

A

A popular term for the first movement a patient is allowed, either after surgery under general anesthesia, or ‘under local’, in which the recuperee allows the feet to dangle over the side of the bed

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22
Q

Dehydration

A

Dehydration is the loss of water and salts essential for normal body function

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23
Q

Delegation

A

Transfer of responsibility for the performance of patient care while retaining accountability for the outcome

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24
Q

Dementia

A

Dementia is a loss of mental ability severe enough to interfere with normal activities of daily living, lasting more than six months, not present since birth, and not associated with a loss or alteration of consciousness

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25
Diastolic
Relating to or occurring during cardiac relaxation. Constitutes the minimum amount of pressure exerted on the cardiovascular system
26
Digestion
The mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic process whereby ingested food is converted into material suitable for assimilation for synthesis of tissues or liberation of energy
27
DNR
Abbreviation for do not resuscitate
28
DOFF
To remove PPE
29
Dysphasia
The partial or complete impairment of the ability to communicate resulting from brain injury
30
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
31
Dyspnea
Difficulty in breathing, often associated with lung or heart disease and resulting in shortness of breath
32
Edema
A condition of abnormally large fluid volume in the circulatory system or in tissues between the body's cells
33
Elimination
Discharge from the body of indigestible materials and of waste products of body metabolism; see defecation, urination, and clearance
34
Expiration
1. exhalation 2. termination or death 3. a time after which a medication or agent has lost its potency
35
Fecal Impaction
Accumulation of putty-like or hardened feces in the rectum or sigmoid The condition often occurs in patients with long-standing bowel problems and chronic constipation. It also may develop when barium is introduced into the intestinal tract and not completely removed
36
Fowlers
An inclined position obtained by raising the head of the bed about 20-30 inches to promote collection of intraabdominal fluid in the lower part of the abdomen
37
Friction
The resistance of two surfaces rubbing against each other in opposite directions. Can cause sores or skin breakdown
38
HAI
Healthcare-Associated Infections Infections acquired while patients are receiving health care for another condition
39
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
40
I&O
Intake and Output
41
Incontinence
Inability to control excretory functions
42
Ingestion
The taking of food, drugs, liquids, or other substances into the body by mouth
43
Inhalation
The drawing of air or other substances into the airways and lungs; see also aspiration or inspiration
44
Logrolling
Emergency medicine A popular term for the moving of a Pt–as if rolling a log–without allowing lateral movement of the head and neck, usually to a board or other flat rigid device
45
Maslow
Abraham H. Maslow, a U.S. psychologist that lived from1908-1970. He developed a hierarchy of needs to describe needs that humans presumably fill successively in the order of lowest to highest: physiologic needs, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization
46
Metabolism
The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized
47
Microbe
Archaic. A microscopic living organism—e.g., bacterium, fungus, protozoan; microorganism
48
mL
MilliLiter, Cubic Centimeter (CC), 1/1000th of a Liter
49
Neglect
To disregard or ignore; to fail to perform a duty or to give due attention or care
50
NPO
Abbreviation for nil per os, meaning nothing by mouth
51
Nursing Process
A five-part systematic decision-making method focusing on identifying and treating responses of individuals or groups to actual or potential alterations in health. Includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
52
Nutrient
An element, mineral, or biochemical substance used by the body that must be supplied in adequate amounts from foods consumed There are six classes of nutrients: water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins
53
OBRA
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987. This nursing home reform act was enacted by Congress to protect people from abuse in nursing homes
54
Occult
Occult blood test examination by microscope or chemical test of a specimen (such as feces, urine, or gastric juice) for presence of blood that is not otherwise detectable. Feces are tested when intestinal bleeding is suspected but there is no visible evidence of blood
55
Ombudsman
A neutral representative of local government who assesses complaints about councils, authorities, organisations, education admissions appeal panels, healthcare professionals (e.g., GPs) and adult social care providers (e.g., care homes and home care providers)
56
Organs
Any part of the body exercising a specific function (for example, respiration, secretion, or digestion)
57
Orthopneic
Difficulty in breathing that occurs while the patient is lying down
58
OSHA
Abbreviation for Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor, responsible for establishing and enforcing safety and health standards in the workplace
59
Ostomy
A surgical procedure creating an opening in the body for the discharge of body wastes
60
Oz
Ounces
61
PASS
- Pull - Aim - Squeeze - Sweep The acronym for fire extinguisher usage
62
Pathogen
Any virus, microorganism, or other substance causing disease
63
Patient
A person who is ill or is undergoing treatment for disease
64
Peristalsis
The movement of the intestine or other tubular structure, characterized by waves of alternate circular contraction and relaxation of the tube by which the contents are propelled onward
65
PC
Abbreviation for post cibum, meaning after meals
66
PHI
Protected Health Information
67
Physical (Physiological) Needs
- Food and Water - Shelter - Activity - Rest - Comfort; freedom from pain
68
PM Care
Evening care, which can include brushing teeth, shower, change of clothing, denture care, getting patient into bed
69
PRN
Abbreviation for pro re nata, meaning as needed
70
Prone
Lying face downward, or on the ventral surface
71
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of the muscles of both arms, both legs and of the trunk. Quadriplegia results from severe spinal cord damage in the neck, usually as a result of a fracture-dislocation, but sometimes as a result of neurological disease
72
QID
Abbreviation for quater in die, meaning four times a day
73
Q4H
Every 4 hours
74
RACE
- Rescue - Alert - Contain - Extinguish The acronym for fire response
75
Radial
Relating to the radius (bone of the forearm), to any structures named from it, or to the radial or lateral aspect of the upper limb compared with the ulnar or medial aspect
76
Resident
1. A patient in a long-term care setting 2. A physician receiving specialized clinical training in a hospital, usually after completing an internship
77
Respiration
The act of breathing. More technically, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells, including inhalation and exhalation, diffusion of oxygen from the pulmonary alveoli to the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveoli, followed by the transport of oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the body cells
78
Restraint
The forcible confinement or control of a subject. It may be either physical or chemical
79
Restraint Alternative
Measures used in place of a restraint or that reduce the need for a restraint
80
Sepsis
An infection in the bloodstream or body tissues. This is a very broad term covering the presence of many types of microscopic disease-causing organisms
81
Shearing
An applied force that tends to cause an opposite but parallel sliding motion of the planes of an object. Such motions cause tissues and blood vessels to move in such a way that blood flow may be interrupted, placing the patient at risk for pressure ulcers
82
Standard Precautions
A method of infection control—recommended by the CDC—in which all human blood, certain body fluids, as well as fresh tissues and cells of human origin are handled as if they are known to be infected with HIV, HBV, and/or other blood-borne pathogens
83
STAT
With no delay; at once. Used especially in medicine
84
Stoma
A surgically constructed opening, especially one in the abdominal wall that permits the passage of waste after a colostomy or ileostomy
85
Supine
Lying with the face upward, or on the dorsal surface
86
Syncope
Sudden loss of consciousness, either with momentary premonitory symptoms or without warning, due to cerebral anemia caused by ventricular asystole, extreme bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation
87
Systolic
Relating to or occurring during cardiac contraction. Constitutes the maximum amount of pressure exerted on the cardiovascular system
88
TID
Latin for ter in die, meaning three times a day
89
Tissues
A group or layer of similarly specialized cells that together perform certain special functions
90
Transmission Precautions
The second tier of basic infection control and are to be used in addition to Standard Precautions for patients who may be infected or colonized with certain infectious agents for which additional precautions are needed to prevent infection transmission
91
Trendelenburg
A supine position in which the feet are higher than the head; used in patients who become acutely hypotensive. Developed by German surgeon, Friedrich Trendelenburg, 1844-1924.

Nursing Assistant Care: The Basics 6th ed. (13 decks)

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