Chapter 3: Understanding Residents Flashcards
Physiological Needs
- Food and Water
- Protection and Shelter
- Activity
- Sleep and Rest
- Comfort, especially freedom from pain
Psychosocial Needs
- Love and Affection
- Acceptance by Others
- Safety and Security
- Self-reliance and independence in daily living
- Contact with Others
- Success and Self-esteem
Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs
A model developed by Abraham Maslow to show physiological and psychosocial needs arranged in order of importance
Masturbation
To touch or rub sexual organs in order to give oneself or another person sexual pleasure
Holistic Care
Caring for the whole person–the mind as well as the body and is a component of person-centered care
Person-Centered Care
Care that revolves around the resident and promotes their individual preferences, choices, dignity, and interests
Explain why independence and self-care is important for residents
Residents face many stresses when moving into a long-term care facility or hospital, and must make many adjustments. Encouraging residents to do as much as they can without the NA’s help (even if the NA could do it easier or faster) from ADL’s to making decisions will promote better outcomes for residents in the long term.
Cultural Diversity
Refers to the variety of people with different backgrounds and experiences living together in the world
Bias
aka prejudice
Race
Refers to the physical characteristics shared by people with common ancestry
Ethnicity
May involve a combination of race, culture, nationality, language and other factors
Culturally Sensitive Care
Care that takes into account the patient’s background, choices, beliefs, and behaviors.
It is important for NAs to ask questions to find out what is appropriate and to always respect residents.
Explain the Need for Activity
- Inactivity and immobility can result in physical and mental conditions that impact health outcomes for residents
- Meaningful activities promote independence, memory, self-esteem, and quality of life
Explain the Family Role and Significance in Health Care
Families help residents, communicate with the care team, support the resident, connect them to the outside world, and carry on traditions. NAs should respect the residents right to have family visit and observe changes in the resident that occur after family has left.
Infancy - Birth to 12 Months
- Grasping, Lifting Hands, Crawling
- Touch is important
- Development happens from the head down
Toddler - Ages 1 through 3
- Speech, limb coordination
- Adventurous
- Develop bladder and bowel control
Preschool - Ages 3 through 5
- Become independent
- Learn new words and language skills
- Form social relationships
School Aged - Ages 5 through 10
- Development is centered on Cognition (thinking and learning)
- Further Social Development
- Conscience makes itself known
Preadolescence - Ages 10 through 12
- Sense of Self
- Reason and Analysis
- Childhood fears give way to real-world fears
- Puberty usually begins in this stage
Adolescence - Ages 12 through 18
- Reach sexual maturity (secondary sex characteristics)
- Mood swings
- Concerned with acceptance of others
Young Adulthood - Ages 18 through 40
- Career and Education paths are chosen in this period
- Life partner is chosen
- Children are raised
Middle Adulthood - Ages 40 through 65
- More comfortable and stable than previous years (despite this career change can happen)
- Physical changes as metabolism slows
- Mid-life Crises occur in this age group
Late Adulthood - 65 and Older
- Retirement
- Health complications and reduced mobility
- Staying connected is vital for longevity in this stage
Ageism
Prejudice toward, stereotyping of, and/or discrimination against older persons or the elderly
Developmental Disabilities
Disabilities that are present at birth or emerge during childhood up to age 22
Depression
Characterized by a loss of interest in everythihng a person once cared about, and may interefere with the person’s ability to work, sleep, and eat. It may cause intense mental, emotional, and physical pain and disability
Apathy
Lack of interest in acitivities
Bipolar Disorder
A rapid mood swing and change in energy levels and the ability to function
Anxiety
Uneasiness, worry, or fear, often about a situation or condition
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Characterized by chronic anxiety and worry, even when there is no reason for concern
Panic Disorder
Characterized by panic attacks; an episode of intense fear that occurs along with physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, chest pain, dizziness, and shortness of breath
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Intense anxiety and extreme discomfort in social situations
Phobia
An intense, irrational fear of or anxiety about an object, place, or situation
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)
A disorder characterized by intrusive behavior or thoughts that cause anxiety or stress
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A disorder caused by experiencing a traumatic event, such as being a victim of a violent crime or being involved in combat while in the military
Schizophrenia
Characterized by hallucinations and/or delusions which can affect a persons ability to think, communicate, manage emotions, make decisions, and understand reality
Hallucination
A false or distorted sensory perception eg. seeing something that is not there or hearing a conversation that is not happening
Delusion
A persistent false belief eg. believing that other people are controlling the subjects’ thoughts
Psychotherapy
The process of talking about one’s problems with a mental health professional
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A type of psychotherapy that is often used to treat anxiety and depression
Terminal Illness
A disease or condition that will eventually cause death
Grief
Deep distress or sorrow over loss
Kubler-Ross Grief Process
- Denial: refusal to believe perception
- Anger: lashing out in response to reality
- Bargaining: appeals to power to change outcome
- Depression: turning inwards with deep sadness
- Acceptance: peace that comes from aligning thoughts with reality
Advance Directives
Legal documents that allow people to decide what kind of medical care they wish to have if the are unable to make those decisions themselves
Living Will
An outline of the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case the person becomes unable to make those decisions
Durable Power of Attorney
A signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make medical decisions for a person in the event she becomes unable to do so
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
An order that helps medical providers honor wishes about care, and instructs medical professionals not to perform CPR
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
A type of breathing indicating that death is imminent; alternating periods of slow, irregular respirations and rapid, shallow respirations, along with short periods of not breathing
Postmortem Care
Care of the body after a person has been medically pronounced dead
Hospice Care
A term for special care that a dying person needs where the goals are shifted from recovery to comfort
Palliative Care
Care that is given to people that are dying or that have serious, chronic diseases
