Medical Sciences Flashcards
What Are Cells?
The basic unit of a living organism, contains parts to carry out life processes.
What is a Tissue?
A group of cells of one type
What is a organ?
Group of different tissues working together to carry out a job.
What is the Organ System
All the organs in the Body working together, such as the Digestive System
How much organs are in the human body?
79 organs in the human body
What is Respiration?
Process by which cells release the energy they need for their life processes
Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell
How do we get our energy?
Food and Glucose
What is Aerobic Respiration? (2)
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
Glucose in cells react with oxygen to release energy.
What is the Aerobic Respiration Equation?
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
What is Anaerobic Respiration? (2)
Anaerobic means “without oxygen”, so anaerobic respiration takes place with no oxygen.
A little bit of energy is produced but not enough to support us for long.
What is the Anaerobic Respiration Equation?
Glucose –> Lactic Acid + A small amount of energy
What is Diffusion? (2)
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until the concentrations are equal.
Diffusion requires no energy.
Why is DIffusion Important?
Substances such as oxygen and glucose move into and out of cells across the cell membrane by diffusion.
What is the Process of Inspiration (Breathing In)
Intercostal muscles pull the chest up and out, the diaphragm flattens, expanding the chest, and air rushes in as lung pressure drops.
What is the Process of Expiration (Breathing Out)
Intercostal muscles relax, moving the chest in and down. The diaphragm relaxes, bulging up to shrink the chest. Lung pressure rises, pushing air out.
What is the Difference between Breathing and Respiration?
- Breathing: moving air in and out of the lungs.
- Respiration: cells breaking down glucose to release energy (ATP).
What is Gas Exchange?
The process of taking in oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide. This takes place in the alveoli of the lungs
What is the Full Step by Step of Gas Exchange
1) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood.
2) Blood carries oxygen to cells.
3) Oxygen diffuses into cells for respiration.
4) Carbon dioxide travels from cells to blood and then to alveoli for exhalation.
What does Tar and Nicotine do to your lungs?
Lung Effects: Tar clogs lungs; nicotine makes quitting difficult.
Whats is a Carcinogen?
Chemicals in Cigarettes that cause Cancer
What is the Circulatory system made up of?
The circulatory system is made of a:
- Pump (heart).
- Tubes (blood vessels).
What does the circulatory system do?
Transports Blood Around the Body too:
- Deliver oxygen and nutrients to organs.
- Remove carbon dioxide and waste products from organs.
What are the 3 Types of Blood Vessels
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capilalieres
What is a Artery Blood Vessel? (2)
- Thick, elastic walls with a narrow lumen and no valves
- Red color, carrying oxygenated blood under high - - pressure
What is a Vein Blood Vessel? (3)
- Thinner walls with less muscle, wide lumen, and valves
- Appear blue/purple and carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
- Valves ensure proper blood flow direction
What is a Capillary Blood Vessel? (3)
- Very thin walls (one cell thick) with a small lumen; no muscle or elasticity.
- Deliver oxygenated blood to tissues and remove deoxygenated blood
- thin walls enable easy gas and nutrient diffusion.
What are the 4 Components of Blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
% in Blood: 45%
Appearance: Small, round, doughnut-shaped cells with no nucleus
Function: Carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide to lungs.
White Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
% in Blood: <1%
Appearance: Larger cells with a nucleus, varying shapes
Function: Defend against infections.
Plasma and Platelets
Plasma
% in Blood: ~55%
Appearance: Yellowish liquid
Function: Transports cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste.
Platelets
% in Blood: <1%
Appearance: Small, disc-shaped cell fragments
Function: Form clots to prevent blood loss and infection
