Medical Sciences

Question 1

What Are Cells?

Answer 1

The basic unit of a living organism, contains parts to carry out life processes.

Question 2

What is a Tissue?

Answer 2

A group of cells of one type

Question 3

What is a organ?

Answer 3

Group of different tissues working together to carry out a job.

Question 4

What is the Organ System

Answer 4

All the organs in the Body working together, such as the Digestive System

Question 5

How much organs are in the human body?

Answer 5

79 organs in the human body

Question 6

What is Respiration?

Answer 6

Process by which cells release the energy they need for their life processes

Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell

Question 7

How do we get our energy?

Answer 7

Food and Glucose

Question 8

What is Aerobic Respiration? (2)

Answer 8

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
Glucose in cells react with oxygen to release energy.

Question 8

What is the Aerobic Respiration Equation?

Answer 8

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 9

What is Anaerobic Respiration? (2)

Answer 9

Anaerobic means “without oxygen”, so anaerobic respiration takes place with no oxygen.

A little bit of energy is produced but not enough to support us for long.

Question 10

What is the Anaerobic Respiration Equation?

Answer 10

Glucose –> Lactic Acid + A small amount of energy

Question 11

What is Diffusion? (2)

Answer 11

area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until the concentrations are equal.

Diffusion requires no energy.

Question 12

Why is DIffusion Important?

Answer 12

Substances such as oxygen and glucose move into and out of cells across the cell membrane by diffusion.

Question 13

What is the Process of Inspiration (Breathing In)

Answer 13

Intercostal muscles pull the chest up and out, the diaphragm flattens, expanding the chest, and air rushes in as lung pressure drops.

Question 14

What is the Process of Expiration (Breathing Out)

Answer 14

Intercostal muscles relax, moving the chest in and down. The diaphragm relaxes, bulging up to shrink the chest. Lung pressure rises, pushing air out.

Question 15

What is the Difference between Breathing and Respiration?

Answer 15

• Breathing: moving air in and out of the lungs.
• Respiration: cells breaking down glucose to release energy (ATP).

Question 16

What is Gas Exchange?

Answer 16

The process of taking in oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide. This takes place in the alveoli of the lungs

Question 17

What is the Full Step by Step of Gas Exchange

Answer 17

1) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood.
2) Blood carries oxygen to cells.
3) Oxygen diffuses into cells for respiration.
4) Carbon dioxide travels from cells to blood and then to alveoli for exhalation.

Question 18

What does Tar and Nicotine do to your lungs?

Answer 18

Lung Effects: Tar clogs lungs; nicotine makes quitting difficult.

Question 19

Whats is a Carcinogen?

Answer 19

Chemicals in Cigarettes that cause Cancer

Question 20

What is the Circulatory system made up of?

Answer 20

The circulatory system is made of a:
- Pump (heart).
- Tubes (blood vessels).

Question 21

What does the circulatory system do?

Answer 21

Transports Blood Around the Body too:
- Deliver oxygen and nutrients to organs.
- Remove carbon dioxide and waste products from organs.

Question 22

What are the 3 Types of Blood Vessels

Answer 22

• Arteries
• Veins
• Capilalieres

Question 23

What is a Artery Blood Vessel? (2)

Answer 23

• Thick, elastic walls with a narrow lumen and no valves
• Red color, carrying oxygenated blood under high - - pressure

Question 24

What is a Vein Blood Vessel? (3)

Answer 24

• Thinner walls with less muscle, wide lumen, and valves
• Appear blue/purple and carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
• Valves ensure proper blood flow direction

Question 25

What is a Capillary Blood Vessel? (3)

Answer 25

• Very thin walls (one cell thick) with a small lumen; no muscle or elasticity.
• Deliver oxygenated blood to tissues and remove deoxygenated blood
• thin walls enable easy gas and nutrient diffusion.

Question 26

What are the 4 Components of Blood?

Answer 26

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

Question 27

Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells

Answer 27

Red Blood Cells (RBC)
% in Blood: 45%
Appearance: Small, round, doughnut-shaped cells with no nucleus
Function: Carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide to lungs.
White Blood Cells

White Blood Cells
% in Blood: <1%
Appearance: Larger cells with a nucleus, varying shapes
Function: Defend against infections.

Question 28

Plasma and Platelets

Answer 28

Plasma
% in Blood: ~55%
Appearance: Yellowish liquid
Function: Transports cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste.

Platelets
% in Blood: <1%
Appearance: Small, disc-shaped cell fragments
Function: Form clots to prevent blood loss and infection