Acids and Bases Flashcards
What are Acids
Acids are compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when they dissolve in water
What are Strong Acids (2)
- Found in the lab or a car battery = dangerous to touch/eat
- Corrosive - damage other materials
What are Weak Acids (2)
- Found in everyday items such as food & skincare products
- Safe to handle these
What are the 3 Main Lab Acids?
- Hydrochloric Acid - HCl
- Sulphuric Acid - H2SO4
- Nitric Acid - HNO3
What are Bases?
Bases release hydroxide ions (OH-) when they dissolve in water
What are Strong Bases/Alkali? (2)
- Alkali used to clean labs, or bleach, are dangerous to touch
- Caustic - burn skin & damage materials
What are Weak Bases/Alkali? (3)
- Found in soaps and other cleaning materials, and antacids to treat digestion
- Safe to handle
- Feel soapy
What is the Difference Between a Base and a Alkali?
If a base dissolves in water, it is called an alkali
What are the Main Base/Alkali we use in the lab?
- Sodium hydroxide - NaOH
- Potassium hydroxide - KOH
- Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH)2
What is the Ph of a Strong Acid?
What is the Ph of a Weak Acid?
What is the Ph of a Strong Base?
What is the Ph of a Weak Base?
What is a Neutralisation Reaction? (2)
When an acid and base are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs
- The acid & base cancel each others effect.
What is the Neutralisation Equation?
Acid + Base –> Salt + Water
What is the PH Scale? (2)
- The pH scale is used to measure the strength of an acid or a base
- The scale is from zero (strongest acid) to 14 (strongest base)
What are Indicators?
Indicators are dyes that change colour, depending on whether they are in an acid or in a base.
What is Litmus Paper?
Indicators are dyes that change colour, depending on whether they are in an acid or in a base.
Ex Base in Red Litmus Turns Blue, and Acid in Blue Litmus turns Red
What is Phenolphtalein (3)
- Colourless in acidic/neutral solution
- Pink in alkaline solution
- Can’t show strength of acid/alkali
What is the Definition of a Salt?
Ionic compounds that consist of one metal ion and one non-metal ion
What are the three equations/ways of making salt?
1) Acid + Base → Salt + Water
2) Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
3)
Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
What is Collision Theory?
For a reaction to occur, particles must collide with sufficient energy.
What is a Reaction Rate?
The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs.
What are the Three Ways we can increase number of collisions?
1) ↑ temperature = ↑ kinetic energy of particles = ↑ movement of particles = ↑ collisions
2) ↑ concentration = ↑ particles per unit volume = ↑ collisions
3) ↑ surface area = ↑ amount of surface available for collision = ↑ collision rate
