Medical Mycology packet Flashcards
what is mycosis?
a fungus infection
what is the primary classification of mycoses?
site of infection
what is the secondary classification of mycoses?
mode of entry into the body
what are the different types of mycoses?
cutaneous mycoses (dermatomycoses)
subcutaneous mycoses
systemic mycoses
what are dermatophytes?
fungi that cause cutaneous mycoses
what is cutaneous mycoses?
infection of the epidermis, hair and nails
what are some examples of cutaneous mycoses?
ringworm
athlete’s foot
what is mucocutaneous mycoses?
infection of mucous membrane
how is cutaneous mycoses transmitted?
direct contact with infected person animal (cats or dogs)
what is subcutaneous mycoses?
infection of the subcutaneous tissue
how is subcutaneous mycoses transmitted?
small puncture would of skin by trauma
what do subcutaneous mycoses form?
ulcers and nodules just beneath skin
how is systemic mycoses transmitted?
inhalation of spores or hyphae
which type of mycoses is fatal?
systemic mycoses
which type of mycoses is deep within the patient and disseminates to vital organs?
systemic mycoses
what are 3 Genera of dermatophytes?
Microsporum audouini
Trichophyton menagrophytes
Epidermophyton floccosum
what are the 3 types of cutaneous mycoses caused by dermatophytes?
Tinea Capitis (ringworm of scalp) Tinea Coproris (ringworm of body) Tinea Pedis (ringworm of feet)
Are the types of cutaneous mycoses Genus and species?
No, they are not underlined and both words are capitalized
what are the methods of transmission of cutaneous mycoses?
direct contact and indirect contact/fomite (shower floor,workout mats)
what is the treatment for cutaneous mycoses?
topical drugs for skin and nails
oral antibiotics for hair involvement
which treatment is the best choice?
topical drugs because epidermis doesn’t have blood
what’s the diagnosis of Tinea infections?
Wood’s UV lamp for hair infections (green/blue= pos for ringworm)
wet mount for skin scrapings
dermatotrophic test media- to look for pigment production
what type of yeast is Candida albicans?
false yeast (asexual)
is Candida albicans dimorphic?
no
25C and 37C = yeast form
what kind of pathogen is Candida albicans?
opportunistic pathogen that has “normal flora” of mucous membrane
what are the varies types of infection from Candida albicans?
vaginitis- mucocutaneous
“Bartender’s Finger”/”Fruit Packer’s Finger”- cutaneous
Thrush- mucocutaneous
what is thrush? who is most likely to get this?
white curdles in mouth, infants get this because they have a weak immune system or those who are on longterm antibiotics
what is vaginitis?
only females, antibiotic treatment for bacteria
why would someone get “Bartender’s Finger”/”Fruit Packer’s Finger”?
fruit has sugar and an acidic pH
what is one way you can see if someone has diabetes?
if their urine has sugar in it
what is the systemic involvement in Candida albicans?
immunosuppressed host
extensive antibiotic therapy
complication of surgery
diabetes
what is the treatment for Candida albicans?
Nystatin and Oral Ketoconazole for systemic infection
where does subcutaneous mycoses occur?
beneath the skin
what are the symptoms of subcutaneous mycoses?
forms ulcers and nodules (cysts) just beneath the skin and infects lymph nodes
what is subcutaneous mycoses caused by?
saprophytic fungi in soil
what is the route of transmission for subcutaneous mycoses?
fungal spores and hyphae enters skin through puncture wound (proper portal of entry) usually trauma (rose bush)
what are 3 examples of subcutaneous mycoses?
Sporothrix schenckii
Allescheria boydii (Madurella)
Philalophora verruscosa
where does systemic mycoses occur?
deep tissue and vital organs (to spread)
what kind of fungi are in systemic mycoses?
saprophytic fungi
is systemic mycoses dimorphic?
yes
25C = mold
37 C = yeast
what is the route of transmission of systemic mycoses?
inhalation of spores/hyphae–> lung infection–> spread in blood or tissues–> vital organs
what is are examples of systemic mycoses?
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Cryptococcus neoformans
what are other fungi that causes mycoses or producing toxins?
Rhizopus species
Aspergillus flavis
Aspergillus fumigatus
what disease does Rhizopus species cause?
pulmonary infection
what is the treatment for Rhizopus species?
Amphotericin B or surgical removal
where does Aspergillus flavin grow?
on grains, corn, nuts
What color is Aspergillus flavin and what makes it toxic?
yellow, aflatoxin
what disease does Aspergillus fumigatus cause? What color is it?
pulmonary infection to brain and vital organs; black mold
what is the treatment for Aspergillus fumigatus?
Ampotericin B or surgical removal
