exam 3 notebook notes (Protozoans)

Question 1

what is a pellicle?

Answer 1

extension of cell membrane; elastic and thick

Question 2

what do pellicles do?

Answer 2

prevents osmotic shock

Question 3

what does the contractile vacuole do?

Answer 3

removes water

Question 4

what is the ectoplasma?

Answer 4

water-like, flows quickly

Question 5

what is the endoplasma?

Answer 5

center, honey-like, supports organelles

Question 6

what does the macronucleus do?

Answer 6

controls all cellular activity even asexual reproduction, common to all protozoans

Question 7

what do the micronucleus do?

Answer 7

sexual reproduction (mixing of genes), optional to protozoans

Question 8

what are the 2 different structural forms of protozoans?

Answer 8

trophozoite and cyst

Question 9

describe trophozoites

Answer 9

vegetative form
all protozoans have this
active form
cause disease symptoms

Question 10

describe cysts

Answer 10

optional, but most have
resistant, dormant structure
thick walls
formed under adverse conditions

Question 11

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 11

engulfing or eating of large non soluble food using pseudopods

Question 12

what is pinocytosis/endocytosis?

Answer 12

ingestion of small soluble food particles using an infolding, invagination of cell membrane - “cell drinking”

Question 13

where is the cytostome found?

Answer 13

in ciliates

Question 14

what are the types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 14

fission (mitosis)
budding
schizogony

Question 15

what is fission?

Answer 15

equal division of cytoplasm, followed by mitosis

Question 16

what is budding?

Answer 16

unequal division of cytoplasm, followed my mitosis

Question 17

what is schizogony?

Answer 17

equal division of cytoplasm, but multiple divisions of cytoplasm following mitosis

Question 18

what organelle is needed in asexual reproduction?

Answer 18

macronucleus

Question 19

what are the types of sexual reproduction?

Answer 19

conjugation and gametes

Question 20

what is conjugation?

Answer 20

fission of 2 micronucleuses through a conjugation tube, then meiosis occurs

Question 21

what is gametes?

Answer 21

(1N)male gamete + (1N)female gamete = (2N) zygote–meiosis–>(1N) half of male gamete and half of female gamete–mitosis–> many (1N) half of male gamete and half of female gamete

Question 22

what are the types of symbiotic relationships?

Answer 22

commensalism
mutalism
parasitism

Question 23

describe commensalism

Answer 23

:) + :l

Question 24

describe mutalism

Answer 24

:) + :)

Question 25

describe parasitism

Answer 25

parasite :) + host :(