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case 14: anemia > medical microbiology: malaria > Flashcards

medical microbiology: malaria Flashcards

(16 cards)

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1
Q

Who is the reservoir & vector/definitive- & intermediate host in malaria

A

Reservoir/intermediate host: animal/human
Vector/definitive host:female mosquito (arthropod)

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2
Q

What happens in the definitive host

A

Sexual reproduction

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3
Q

What happens in the intermediate host

A

Asexual reproduction

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4
Q

What is the five organisms causing malaria

A
  1. P. falciparum
  2. P. vivax
  3. P. ovale
  4. P. malariae
  5. P. knowlesi
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5
Q

What is the most common cause of malaria

A

P. falciparum

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6
Q

How long does it take for the clinical manifestation of malaria

A

7-15 days

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7
Q

What is the four classical symptoms of malaria

A

Headache, muscle pain, photophobia & paroxysms (RBC rupture)

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8
Q

What is the three reasons for clinical manifestation

A
  1. Rupture of infected erythrocytes
  2. Host cytokine response to infection
  3. Cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to vascular epithelium
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9
Q

What population group is at risk for complications of malaria

A
  1. Pregnant & PP women
  2. Children <5 years & elderly >65 years
  3. Splenectomies people
  4. Immunocompromised people
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10
Q

What is the two diagnostic tests for malaria

A
  1. Blood smear with Giema stain
  2. Rapid diagnostic test
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11
Q

What is the two types of blood smears & reasoning

A

Thick smear: diagnosis of malaria
Thin smear: different species

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12
Q

What is the rapid diagnostic test

A

Detects parasite antigen

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13
Q

What is the three treatment options of complicated malaria

A
  1. Chemotherapy (IV artesunate) & followed by Artemether-lumefantrine
  2. IV quinine & once improve Artemether-lumefantrine
  3. IV quinine & once improve doxycycline/clindamycin
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14
Q

What is the treatment of uncomplicated malaria

A

Adult: Artemether-lumefantrine/Quinine + doxycycline
Children <8 years & pregnant: Artemether-lumefantrine/Quinine + clindamycin

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15
Q

What is the four prevention methods for malaria in endemic areas

A
  1. Insecticide treated nets
  2. Indoor residual spraying
  3. Intermittent preventive treatment
  4. Malaria vaccine
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16
Q

What is the six prevention methods for malaria for travelers

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A
  1. Aware of peak exposure times & places
  2. Wear appropriate clothing
  3. Bed nets
  4. Insecticides
  5. Repellent for skin & clothes
  6. Malaria chemoprophylaxis

case 14: anemia (12 decks)

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