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case 14: anemia > haematology: anemia > Flashcards

haematology: anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of anemia

A

Reduction in hemoglobin concentration in blood below reference range for sex & age

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2
Q

Is anemia a diagnosis

A

No, it reflects a condition that affects RBC capacity to carry oxygen to meet physiologic needs

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3
Q

What is the 3 etiological classification of anemia

A
  1. Impaired RBC production in bone marrow
  2. Increased RBC loss from circulation
  3. Dilutional anemia
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4
Q

What is 4 factors that impair RBC production in bone marrow

A
  1. Bone marrow pathology
  2. Faulty RBC production
  3. Production suppressed by illness outside bone marrow
  4. Drug/toxin
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5
Q

What is 3 factors that increase RBC loss from circulation

A

Hemolysis
Hemorrhage
Hypersplenism

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6
Q

What factor that causes dilutional anemia

A

Increased plasma volume like in pregnancy

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7
Q

What is the 3 morphological classification of anemia

A
  1. Microcytic & hypochromic
  2. Normocytic & normochromic
  3. Macrocytic
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8
Q

What is 5 causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia

A

Anemia of inflammation
Lead poisoning
Iron deficiency
Sideroblastic anemia
Thalassemia

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9
Q

What is 6 causes of normocytic normochromic anemia

A

Acute blood loss
Bone marrow failure
Renal disease
Anemia of inflammation/chronic disease
Haemolytic anemia
Mixed deficiencies

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10
Q

What is the classification system under macrocytic anemia

A
  1. Megaloblastic anemia
  2. Non-megaloblastic anemia
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11
Q

What is the 2 causes of megaloblastic anemia

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

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12
Q

What is a characteristic of megaloblastic anemia

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils & oval macrophages

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13
Q

What is 7 cause of non-megaloblastic anemia

A

Alcohol excess
Liver disease
Aplastic anemia
Reticulocytosis
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Multiple myeloma
Hypothyroidism

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14
Q

What is symptoms of anemia

A

SOB
Weakness
Lethargy
Palpitations
Headaches
Dizziness

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15
Q

What is signs of anemia

A

Pallor mucous membranes
Hyperdynamic circulation
Elderly CHF

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16
Q

What is a disease specific sign of chronic haemolytic anemia

A

Jaundice & splenomegaly

17
Q

What is a disease specific sign of B12 deficiency

A

Neurological symptoms

18
Q

What is a disease specific sign of underlying malignancy

A

Lymphadenopathy

19
Q

What is a disease specific sign of sickle cell anemia

A

Leg ulcers

20
Q

What is a disease specific sign of Thalassemia

A

Bone deformities

21
Q

What is a disease specific sign of iron deficiency

A

Pica & koilonychia

22
Q

What is 5 factors that impact anemia

A
  1. Speed of onset/drop of hemoglobin
  2. Severity of anemia
  3. Patient age
  4. Patient comorbidities (compensation)
  5. Factors affecting oxygen dissociation curve

case 14: anemia (12 decks)

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