Medical Issues Flashcards

Question

Closeline Injury

Answer 1

At throat -laryngeal injury -severe pain -spasmodic coughing - difficulty speaking and swalling - if frx of cartilage- frothing blooding coughing, inabiilty to breath, cynanosis -ABC's!! if airway and circ intact, may need to apply cold

Answer 2

- constant pressure and get to ER DO NOT STAND UP!!!!!

Answer 3

-trauma/direct blow -generally at frontal bone -deformity -parasthesias of lower lip - pain biting, bleeding -Care: temporary immobilization w/ wrap then refer to MD for Sx

Answer 4

blow to eyeball pushes it posteriorly into orbital area usually from a baseball sxs: diplopia DOWNWARD displacement of eye- pupils may point up in socket - swelling and bruise -numbness -ER and xray treated w/ antibiotics 2/2 close to sinus- usually surgery

Answer 5

sunken face -sig epistaxis -diplopia -CHECK FOR N/T Care: apply cold, refer to MD 8 weeks to heal, may need 1 year for RTS

Answer 6

cheekbone -elongated face -epistaxis -may require Airway Management!!!

Answer 7

damage to outermembrane of ye blunt trauma or penetration opthamologic emergency ER damage to posterior eye

Answer 8

- scratch on cornea- can be from rubbing -sudden onset of pain -watering, photophobia, -blinking (use patch) -treated with topical antibiotics -see opathomolgist

Answer 9

SERIOUS - blunt blow to eye -collection of blood anterior chamber of eye - red tinge or pea green in lower iris -partial vision loss -usually bed rest / incline to 30-40 degrees -send to MDx

Answer 10

blow or atraumatic **PAINLESS** sx': specs or flashes of light in vision -"curtain" falling over field of vision -immediate referal to opthamologist

Answer 11

pink eye -bracteria, allergens, smoke -eyelid swelling -discharge - can be highly infectious refer to MD

Answer 12

Sty acute infection of eyelid blocked gland - oil gets backed up - pain can have infection nodule

Answer 13

common usually at eyebrows refer if >1/2 inch 2/2 may need sutures and risk of infection

Answer 14

AVOID RUBBING flush with saline, eyedrops or blink

Answer 15

globe ruptures periorbital fractures hyphema Iritis Detached Retina MD persistent visual disturbance corneal abrasion

Answer 16

1. high risk factor- YES xray -dangerous mechanism - parasthesisas in extremities - 65 or older 2. Low Risk Factors that allow evaluation of ROM -if none- no xray if any YES xray - simple rear end MVA -sitting position in ED -ambulatory at anytime since injury -delayed onset neck pain -abscence of midline TTP 3. Patient able to actively rotate 45 dg bilaterally? if yes- don't need xray

Answer 17

Blunt trauma can result in internal bleeding or organ failure can hemorrhage slowly sometimes over weeks before any signs/sx's

Answer 18

hematuria difficulty urinating abd rigidity

Answer 19

mm guarding back/flank pain N/V or shock can affect intestines bloating changes in bowel fxn BP changes

Answer 20

high abdominal- especially R side rapid HR low BP abd pain N/V, blood in vomit, feces or urine

Answer 21

systemic illness (mono) shock, cool pale skin weak rapid pulse possibly Kehr's sign- referred pain to LEFT SHOULDER andn arm

Answer 22

1. Check rebound tenderness- fingers of one hand over other- pressure and quick release 2. check vital signs if these are abnormal- transport to ER if unsafe to transport- put in comfortable position- NO LIQUIDS if shock- elevate legs for blood flow to head and heart

Answer 23

14 days of consecutive practice, 1 day of complete rest at least every 6 days days of rest do not count towards 14 practice no more than 3 hours

Answer 24

MATCH PLAY HYDRATION BREAKS: WBGT OF 89.6°F Provide hydration breaks of 4 minutes for each 30 minutes of continuous play (i.e., minute 30 and 75 of 90 minute match)

Answer 25

NATA: if below 30degr- keep watch if < 15 1 hour practice 20 min at least warming up inside if 7 degrs 30 min practice and 20 at least warm up 0 degrees cancel practice

Answer 26

shower after every practice avoid body cosmetic shaving all cothing and gear washed everyday braces disinfected daily

Answer 27

bacterial community aquired methicillin resistant stphylococous aureus crusty higly contagious can be fatal if untreated 2/2 close contact red, yellow small scabs, furuncles/carbuncles underskin

Answer 28

Bacterial streptococcus raised blisters on nose/mouth; skin- rupture easily honey colored crust, raw surface highly contagious risk hospitization

Answer 29

bacterial areas of high friction or sweat (shoulder pads) do not pop

Answer 30

viral incubation of 3-10 dyas single vesicle or cluster flu like sxs, burning contagious white bubbles RTSport- free of systemic sx's no new lesion in 72 hors min 5 days of antivirals

Answer 31

bubble with flat top or looks like ring on top dimpled and flesh colored RTSport- lesions must be removed or curretted localized lesions can be covered w/ gas permeable dressing, underwrap and stretch tape

Answer 32

scalp gray scaly patches mild hair loss topical antifungal

Answer 33

Ring worm well defined scale7 lump on skin patches, circles, red , raised borders can be irregular RX keep skin clean and dry wash sheets and clothes daily topical antifungal

Answer 34

undernail bed surfers nails requires oral meds

Answer 35

- cleanse with saline or potable water -debrid- irrigation - dress non occlusive or occulisive -ID infection

Answer 36

abrasions lacerations

Answer 37

infected puncture wound wound w cavity want in in These!!

Answer 38

black heel blood blister frcition from footwear dark lesion on fat pad RX proper fitting of shoes and socks

Answer 39

thick red skin- white patches comes in flares- autoimmune topical meds not contagious

Answer 40

atopic dermatitis itchy scaley patches usually in elbow and popliteal crease can have infection but not contagious emmolients, topical steriods

Answer 41

red flares, well defined swollen hives itching, burining, warmth tingling caused by sweat and heat allergic reaction 2/2 heat risk- can have exercise induced anaphylaxis RX: rapid cooling , antihistamines

Answer 42

does not go beyong borders of wound

Answer 43

body developes abnormal healing inc scar collagen tissues goes beyond wound genetic adolescents and preganancy pain, itchy, cosmetic steroid injection, sx removeal

Answer 44

scabies, lice rash across body, hair, btwn fingers white scaely patches contagious wrestlers RTplay- abscence of bugs

Answer 45

- always wear Medic-Alert bracelet or necklace during activity -Blood glucose levels monitored before, during and after- if above 250 with presence of urine ketones or above 300- postpone exercise -during prolonged ex- monitor every 30-60 min -if hypoglycemia occurs- immediately treat with absorbed glucose- hard candy, sugared beverage or fruit juice IF SEVERE HYPOGLYCEMIA- TREAT WITH GLUCAGON

Answer 46

GI ulceration acute renal failure bleeding events dyspepsia, nausea, edema, fluid retention, aphthous ulceration (canker sore), delayed wound healing, tinnitus, dizziness, confusion and stupor

Answer 47

Pro: choice for moderate/severe OA, does not affect GI mucosa, renal tissue or platelet aggregation CONS: incr cost, higher rate of Cardiovascular events

Answer 48

- muscle strains- modest delay - gastric ulcerations- delayed healing -impair bone and cartilage healing and incr rate of nonunion and delayed healing of fractures by interfering with endochondral ossification

Answer 49

Aspirin bc will antagonize the platelet inhibition induced by aspirin

Answer 50

3-5 incubation period -triad- pharyngitis, fever and lymphadenopathy, sometimes rash and often splenomegaly- more at risk for rupture because enlarged- high risk for rupture is 1st 21 days of illness

Answer 51

direct impact to heart during T-wave which causes ventricular fib -immediate collapse following direct trauma to chest -ER! Need AED!!!! as is an electrical even not mechanical

Answer 52

-constriction of blood vessels and clot forming

Answer 53

Inflammatory stage- cell released to removed damaged cells and bacteria to prevent infection

Answer 54

Proliferation: new tissue formed granulation tissue , epithelium Laying down of collagen - Type III primarily and then replaced and angiogenesis

Answer 55

Tissue Remodeling: - incr tensile strength of wound with more type 1 collagen

Answer 56

Heat Exhaustion

Answer 57

bring the athlete into a cool environment, provides fluids, and immerses him into a cold water bath. The athlete should be held out of practice until all symptoms have completely resolved.

Answer 58

It must include only the page with the athlete's name and status regarding clearance is required to be forwarded to the athletic department- they do not need all medical info unless requested

Answer 59

zygomatic fracture

Answer 60

All individuals, including contact collegiate athletes, have the right to make decisions about their medical care without their physician trying to influence the decision. Patient autonomy allows for physicians to educate their patients on the risks of participation in contact or collision sports with potentially dangerous medical conditions or anatomy, but it does not permit the physician to make the decision for the patient. Although the physician's intended beneficence is in the patient's best interests, the patient's right to autonomy should be respected.

Answer 61

No Athletes who are suspected of having a concussion are not eligible to play during that same competition. The treating physician should periodically re-evaluate the athlete on the sideline.

Answer 62

-basket ball player -hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), -----male sex, -African American race other causes: coronary artery anomalies, aortic rupture, Marfan syndrome, myocarditis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ion channel disorders, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and commodio cordis.

Answer 63

-condition where a projectile hits the chest at the same time of an abnormal heart rhythm (ventricular fib)

Answer 64

Right ventricular wall thickness >30mm

Answer 65

Minimum of 72 hours of antibiotic treatment

Answer 66

He can return to play in 3-4 weeks

Answer 67

s the most severe nerve injury without the chance of recovery. 

Answer 68

Teenagers, and individuals in their 20’s, are most likely to dislocate other factors -males Ehlers Danlos

Answer 69

-lack of MOI, -heaviness/weakness of the feet, coupled with the resolution of symptoms after exercise suggest ECS

Answer 70

-honey colored crust -bacterial infection -must be without any new skin lesion for 48 hours before a meet or tournament

Answer 71

Lesions must be curetted or removed before a meet or tournament. Solitary or localized, clustered lesions can be covered with a gaspermeable membrane, followed by tape

Answer 72

Dependent variables- those that are measured- like ROM, strength Independent variables- those that are manipulated- like the treatments used in an experienment- like JM, Ultrasound , exercises etc

Answer 73

first- tendon weakness/inury -acne -rage -

Answer 74

a resting systolic blood pressure of >160mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of >100mHg are relative contraindications to strength training in older adults. This individual should be referred to his MD.

Answer 75

-multiple pregnancies -obesity, -a narrow pelvis, -multipara, -3rd trimester, - excess uterine fluid, -large babies, -weak abdominal muscles prior to pregnancy

Answer 76

ice in a fully flexed position also: administration of a compression wrap. Utilize crutches if necessary

Answer 77

100mg/dL If level of 100mg/dL- Administer 10 g to 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate: eg, 4 to 8 glucose tablets, 2 T honey. Measure blood glucose level. Wait approximately 15 min and remeasure blood glucose. If blood glucose level remains low, administer another 10 g to 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate. Recheck blood glucose level in approximately 15 min. If blood glucose level does not return to the normal range after second dosage of carbohydrate, activate emergency medical system. Once blood glucose level is in the normal range, athlete may wish to consume a snack (eg, sandwich, bagel)

Answer 78

Primary amenorrhea- no menstruation by age 14 Secondary _ absence of menses for more than 90 days

Answer 79

-disordered eating, -irregular menstruation, and -bone loss.

Answer 80

Calcium Zinc Iron

Answer 81

Protects against orofacial injuries While it may not prevent injuries to the teeth and jaw, it is recommended for use in certain contact sports in order to lessen the risk and severity of injury to these structures.

Answer 82

APL/EPB tendinitis or DeQuervain's syndrome

Answer 83

tendinitis of the Abductor Pollicus Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis-

Answer 84

1. ECRB- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis 2, EDC- Extensor Digitorum Communis 3, ECRL- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus 4, ECU- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 85

1. During the first five days of the heat-acclimatization process, athletes may not participate in more than one practice per day. 2. If a practice is interrupted by inclement weather or heat restrictions, the practice should recommence once conditions are deemed safe, but total practice time should not exceed three hours per day. 3. A one-hour maximum walk-through is permitted during the first five days of the heat- acclimatization period; however, a three-hour recovery period should be inserted between the practice and walk-through (or vice versa). 4. During the first two days of the heat-acclimatization period, in sports requiring helmets or shoulder pads, a helmet should be the only protective equipment permitted (goalies, as in the case of field hockey and related sports, should not wear full protective gear or perform activities that would require protective equipment). During days three through five, only helmets and shoulder pads should be worn. Beginning on day six, all protective equipment may be worn and full contact may begin. 5. Beginning no earlier than the sixth day and continuing through the 14th day, double-practice days must be followed by a single-practice day. On single-practice days, one walk-through is permitted, but it must be separated from the practice by at least three hours of continuous rest. When a double-practice day is followed by a rest day, another double-practice day is permitted after the rest day. 6. On a double-practice day, neither practice’s duration should exceed three hours total, and student-athletes should not participate in more than five total hours of practice. Warm-up, stretching, cool-down, walkthrough, conditioning and weight-room activities are included as part of the practice time. The two practices should be separated by at least three continuous hours in a cool environment.

Answer 86

Dizziness: This is an indication that not enough oxygenated blood is getting to the brain. Usually loss of consciousness occurs quickly prior cardiac arrest or sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), family history of SCD, unexplained syncope, hypotensive blood pressure response to exercise, nonsustained VT on ambulatory (Holter) monitoring, identification of a high-risk mutant gene, and massive LVH

Answer 87

Whatever the athletes will drink Explanation Athletes tend to drink what is most favorable to them individually. But some kind of sports drink

Answer 88

The athlete needs more liquid during the event and less leading up to the event. Typically, 7–10 ounces every 10–20 minutes during the event is appropriate.

Answer 89

17–20 oz 3 hours prior to the event and 7–10 ounces every 10–20 minutes during the event is appropriate.

Answer 90

nausea, dizziness, light-headedness, and pallor.

Answer 91

pain in the abdomen and pain in the left shoulder radiating into the upper third of the left arm

Answer 92

localized pain in the area of the fracture, increased pain with inspiration, localized tenderness, deformity, and crepitus.

Answer 93

severe low back pain with elevated blood pressure and pulse

Answer 94

Provide the athlete and her family with education on concussion, complete rest from sports and school No exercise until symptoms free will need school accommodations

Answer 95

Above 82.4

Answer 96

17 to 20 ounces three hours prior to activity and 7 to 10 ounces every 10 to 20 minutes

Answer 97

3.5 mm = instability 7 mm = disruption of transverse ligament >9-10mm = risk of neural injury also needs surgery * risks with trauma down syndrome and RA

Answer 98

C6-T2- hyperflexion

Answer 99

+ Cervical distraction test, +Spurlings test +ULNNT Median +<60 rotation

Answer 100

10-15% - they must be managed in multi disciplinary manner

Answer 101

12 and younger need CHILD SCAT 5

Answer 102

it will deviate TOWARD the injury side and may demo fasciculations and or atrophy

Answer 103

chest pain breathlessness reduced breath sounds in HR Decr BP DRY COUGH tracheal shift to OPPOSITE side

Answer 104

remove from play administer 2 puffs short acting B-agonist in haler with spacer, after 5 minutes check PEF, if PEF return to baseline athlete can return t play if PEF 10-15% below baseline- inhaler

Answer 105

72 hours and with topical gas permeable dressing

Answer 106

2 weeks systemic anti fungal

Answer 107

no systemic signs no new lesions 72 hrs firm adherent crust 120 hrs antivirals

Answer 108

raised with dimple in center lesions removed localized lesions covered w/ gas permeable membrane

Answer 109

no new lesions 48 hours 72 hours of antibiotic no drainage active lesions may not be covered

Answer 110

< 100mg/dL ideal for exercising: 100-250 if less- administer

Answer 111

90-200 mg/dL

Answer 112

250 or above- usually happens if miss medication, eat too much or don't exercise enough