medical gas systems & vaporizers

Question 1

color coding

Answer 1

oxygen = green
nitrous oxide = blue
air = yellow
nitrogen = black
helium = brown

Question 2

E oxygen cylinders

Answer 2

full at…
2000-2200psi
625-700L

pressure falls proportionally to amt in tank

Question 3

Air cylinders

Answer 3

full at…
1900-2000psi
625L

pressure falls proportionally to amt in tank

Question 4

N2O cylinders

Answer 4

full at…
745psi
1590L

stored as liquid, pressure doesn’t indicate amt left in tank

Question 5

purity of medical gas

Answer 5

specified - united states pharmacopoeia

enforced - FDA

Question 6

department of transportation (DOT)

Answer 6

establishes requirements for manufacturing, filling, qualification, transportation, storage, handling, maintenance, requalification, and deposition of medical gas cylinders and containers

Question 7

permanent markings

Answer 7

the DOT regulations require specific marking on each cylinder, etched in

Question 8

labeling

Answer 8

each cylinder must have a label or decal on side or on shoulder, but may not cover any permanent markings, taped, adhered

Question 9

tags

Answer 9

full, in use, empty connected by perforations

denotes Amt of cylinder contents and is not used for ID purposes

Question 10

DISS

Answer 10

diameter index safety system
non-interchangeable connections for medical gas lines
connection consists of a body, nipple, nut combination
only properly mated parts fit together and allow threads to engage
required for every anesthesia machine

Question 11

safety for handling cylinders

Answer 11

1 - never stand cylinder upright w out support
2 - no empty cylinders on machine
3 - no plastic tape on port when putting on
4 - dont rely on color alone for content info
5 - never oil valves
6 - “crack” valve… particles dust shavings etc cleared, away from everyone else
7 - valve fully open when cylinder inure, marginal opening may result in failure to deliver adequate gas

Question 12

vaporization dependent on

Answer 12

1 - vapor pressure
2 - temp
3 - amt of carrier gas used

Question 13

enflurane vapor pressure

Answer 13

172

Question 14

isoflurane vapor pressure

Answer 14

240

Question 15

halothane vapor pressure

Answer 15

244

Question 16

sevoflurane vapor pressure

Answer 16

160

Question 17

desflurane

Answer 17

669

Question 18

latent heat of vaporization

Answer 18

number of calories required to change 1 gram liquid into vapor without a temp change

energy for vaporization comes from the liquid itself (or from an outside source)

Question 19

speficic heat

Answer 19

number of calories required to increase temp of one gram substance by one degree centigrade

liquid, solid, or gas

Question 20

thermal conductivity

Answer 20

measure of speed with which head flows through a substance

higher the thermal conductivity, the better the substance conducts heat

Question 21

altitude

Answer 21

increased altitude = decreased barometric pressure

decreased altitude = increased barometric pressure

Question 22

boiling point

Answer 22

vapor pressure = barometric pressure

Question 23

temperature

Answer 23

direct relationship

increased temp = increased vaporization
decreased temp = decreased vaporization

Question 24

variable bypass vaporizer

Answer 24

portion of gas flow pass into vaporizing chamber where it becomes saturated w vapor

vapor-laden portion then rejoins gas flow for dilution to deliverable concentrations

Question 25

altitude & desflurene

Answer 25

high altitude - dial to higher conc

low altitude - dial to lower conc (avoid overdose)

Question 26

copper kettle

Answer 26

• measure flow, bubble through
• dedicated flowmeter for the kettle (measured flow)
• gas comes up through central the inside vaporizing to the “loving cup”
• flow of gas is then directed down toward the liquid (“bubble through”)
• highly conc vapor then exits the vaporizer and is diluted into the fresh gas flow

Question 27

copper kettle calc

Answer 27

vapor output = CG x VP/BP-VP

CG is flow rate of carrier basin ppm
VP is vapor pressure of asesthetic
BP is barometric pressure

Question 28

anesthetic conc

Answer 28

vapor output/total gas flow ml/min

Question 29

wrong agent in vaporizer…

Answer 29

high - low - high

low - high - low

Question 30

vaporizer hazards

Answer 30

• wrong agent in vaporizer
• contamination
• tipping
• overfilling (fill line)
• simultaneous admin of more than one vapor (lock out)
• leaks (low pressure system)
• pumping effect (when using pipeline)