Gas laws Flashcards
Molecular Theory of Matter
matter is made of minute particles called molecules that exist in various states (solid, liq, gas)
Kinetic Theory of Matter
molecules are in constant random motion and have degree of attraction between them (van der waals)
Critical Temp
the temp above which gas cannot be liquefied regardless of how much pressure is applied
Avogadro
1 mole = 6.02 x 1- 23 molecules
1 mole is 1 gram x molecular weight
1 mole of any subst occupies 22.4 L
1 mole O2 = 32 grams = 22.4L
boyle
Pressure/Vol… temp constant
increase pressure = decrease vol
examples. ..
- reservoir bag
- full E cylinder empties/expands in air
- spontaneous breathing
- bellows
charles
temp/vol… pressure constant
increase temp = increase vol
examples. ..
- balloon bursts on hot day
gay-lussac
temp/pressure… vol constant
increase temp = increase pressure
example. ..
- move E cylinder from 70 to 100 degree, pressure increases
dalton
total P = P1 + P2 + P3…
pressure exerts same in mix as alone
example…
760 x 21 = 159/760
fick
V = (area x sol x change P) / (molecular wt x distance)
example…
2nd gas effect
diffusion hypoxia
concentration effect
fick and air pockets
N2O 34x more soluble than N2, diffuses IN faster than N2 diffuses OUT = expansion
tympanic memb bowel obstruction pneumothorax air embolis sinus surgery
grahm
molecular weight increases = rate of diffusion decreases
smaller molecules diffuse faster
henry
gas dissolved in liq increases = partial pressure increases
dissolved O2 constant
.003ml/ml blood
dissolved CO2 constant
.067ml/ml blood
estimate PaO2
FiO2 x 5
example
21 x 5 = 105
105 x .003 = .315ml/100ml blood
critical temperature
temp above which sub goes into gas form no matter how much pressure applied
greater than CT, gas cannot be liquified
lower than CT, gas can be pressured into liq
CT O2
-119
so it cannot be liquified at room temp
gas in E cylinder
CT N2O
39.5 (room temp 25)
so it can be pressured into liquid in cylinder
745 psi
350psi = cylinder all gas, empty
adiabatic cooling
change in phase of matter w/o gain/loss of heat
joule thompson effect
expansion of gas causes cooling
N2O cylinder has condensation as it empties and energy used to go to gas, air around is cold too
poiselles law
Q = pi r4 changeP / 8nL
application
- IV
- ETT
- vascular (anemia vs polycythemia)
- thorp in flowmeter
what governs laminar flow?
viscosity
what governs turbulent flow?
density
reynolds
over 2000 is turb
density x diameter x velocity / viscosity
