Medical Ethics 1

Question 1

what is personhood

Answer 1

the quality or condition of a person

Question 2

Who is the main thinker associated with personhood

Answer 2

Joseph Fletcher

Question 3

what are fletcher’s 8 indications of personhood

Answer 3

curiosity
communication
concern
empathy
sense of future
sense of past
self awareness
self control

Question 4

what is a weakness of personhood

Answer 4

people with disabilities, babies, addicts, injured, ill

Question 5

more indicators of personhood

Answer 5

socially
rationality
language user
being an embodied soul
possessing a network of beliefs
autonomy and individuality

Question 6

what is sanctity of life

Answer 6

typically supported by religious people

life is created by God, therefore it has intrinsic value and should be preserved as much as possible

Question 7

what is quality of life

Answer 7

supported by more liberal, non religious perspectives
life of very poor quality should not necessarily be preserved
now that people’s lives can be prolonged by medicine and tech, people could have more drawn out painful humiliating deaths
some ethicists argue people should have more choice over when their life ends or begins

Question 8

what does Peter Singer reject

Answer 8

the idea that humans are a special form of life, specism

Question 9

Peter Singer quote on what sanctity of life is

Answer 9

no more than a way of saying that human life has some special value

Question 10

what’s Peter Singer’s view on taking lives

Answer 10

taking lives has no direct consequences on the person whose life you’ve taken, doesn’t effect their pleasure or pain

Question 11

what are Peter Singer’s indirect consequences of killing people

Answer 11

if that were legal everyone would be scared, increasing pain

Question 12

in terms of what, should it be legal to take a life? (Peter Singer)

Answer 12

utilitarianism

illegal

Question 13

Psalm quote on children

Answer 13

127:3

Behold, children are a heritage from the lord

Question 14

Jeremiah quote about children

Answer 14

1:5

before I formed you in the womb I knew you

Question 15

genesis quote about creation

Answer 15

1:27

God created man in his own image

Question 16

What is the biblical view on life

Answer 16

intrinsic value due to life being a gift from God

Question 17

what is a pre-embryo

Answer 17

before 14 days

Question 18

what is an embryo

Answer 18

between 14 days and 8 weeks

Question 19

what is a foetus

Answer 19

post 8 weeks

Question 20

what factors could there be in terms of a soul

Answer 20

religious and sociobiological

Question 21

what is embryo research

Answer 21

using cells from embryos for cell-based therapies
testing drugs
enhancing basic knowledge on how cells work

Question 22

what is created in labs

Answer 22

embryos for medical research purposes

Question 23

when and where are embryos allowed to be used for research

Answer 23

only allowed to be used in a pre embryo state, 14 days
some cells in the UK extend the limit as technology allows them to survive longer in labs
in a lab

Question 24

what will happen to embryos used for research

Answer 24

they will be discarded

Question 25

what is vitro

Answer 25

in glass, test tube

Question 26

what takes place in vitro

Answer 26

fertilisation in vitro

Question 27

what is fertilised in a lab and what does it form

Answer 27

sperm cell and ovum

forming a zygote

Question 28

what is the ethical problem with embryo research and vitro fertilisation

Answer 28

they must be destroyed after 14 days

Question 29

what does a zygote develop into and what is that

Answer 29

blastula

a pre-embryo having over 100 cells

Question 30

what do labs often do when conducting vitro fertilisation

Answer 30

often creates more embryos than required as success rate of fertilisation can be low and the surplus is discarded

Question 31

what is pgd

Answer 31

pre implantation genetic diagnosis
another aspect of IVF, (in vitro fertilisation)
process where embryos are checked for genetic diseases pre implantation

Question 32

what could pgd lead to

Answer 32

a higher quality of life

Question 33

what is a weakness of pgd

Answer 33

do healthy people have more value?

Question 34

what are stem cells useful for in medical research

Answer 34

they can differentiate into any cell in the body

Question 35

what is a solution of stem cell research which does not include the creation of embryos for research

Answer 35

stem cells can be collected from umbilical cord blood post birth of a healthy baby

Question 36

what is a weakness of using stem cells from cord blood

Answer 36

adult stem cells only differentiate to a limited number of cells, can’t become any cell in the human body so it is less useful

Question 37

what is the RCC/NML view on embryo research

Answer 37

wholly rejects it because

it involves procreation outside of a loving marriage and humans should be created in the womb

Question 38

what do catholics encourage in medical ethics

Answer 38

organ and tissue donation including placenta, umbilical chrd and cord blood
the therapeutic use of stem cells as long as it does not destruct human life

Question 39

what are 2 things u can do with cord blood

Answer 39

donate

storing it for future use by parents if family gets ill

Question 40

Pope Francis quote on medical ethics

Answer 40

‘human life is sacred and inviable and the use of parental diagnosis for selective purposes should be discouraged with strength’