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Sedation > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Extravenous Injection?

A

When the cannula is not correctly inserted into the vein

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2
Q

What is an intra-arterial Injection?

A

When the cannula goes into an artery

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3
Q

What would happen if the cannula is flushed through and it had not been inserted correctly?

A

A lump of fluid would form under the skin

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4
Q

What would you do if the cannula had been placed into an artery?

A

Apply pressure and raise the arm to prevent a haemotoma

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5
Q

What drug and dosage would be used for Anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline 1:1000 1mg/ml

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6
Q

What drug and dosage would be given for a heart attack?

A

Dispersible aspirin 300mg

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7
Q

What size oxygen cylinder should be available?

A

Size D which can provide 15 litres per minute for 30 minutes

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8
Q

When would a Laerdal Pocket Mask be used?

A

On a patient who has collapsed, is unresponsive and not breathing

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9
Q

What features does a Laerdal Pocket Mask have?

A

It is clear so you can see the colour of the patients lips and if any condensation appears
Has a filter and one way valve for cross infection

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10
Q

What is the flow rate of oxygen used with a Laerdal Pocket Mask?

A

6-7 litres per minute

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11
Q

What percentage of oxygen can be delivered to a patient with a Laerdal Pocket Mask with additional supplementary oxygen?

A

65-70%

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12
Q

What percentage of oxygen can be delivered through a Laerdal Pocket Mask without supplementary oxygen?

A

16%

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13
Q

What’s does DRS ABC stand for?

A

Danger
Response
Shout

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

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14
Q

What does ACVPU stand for?

A 
Alert
Confused
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
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15
Q

What do you do different when giving Pardiatric life support than you would for adults?

A

Give 5 initial rescue breaths before starting CPR

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16
Q

What are the signs of a Myocardial Infarction?

A 
Tight/Painful chest
Pain down arms or jaw
Neck or stomach pain
Pale, clammy skin
Weak, irregular pulse
Low blood pressure
Shortness of breath
Nausea
Dizziness
Clutching chest
Cold sweats 
Sense of impending doom
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17
Q

How would you treat a myocardial Infarction?

A 
Call 999
Keep patient calm
Sit them up in W position
Administer oxygen
Give GTN spray and monitor for 10 mins
If no improvement give dispensable aspirin 300mg
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18
Q

What are the signs of Angina?

A 
Fast pulse
Shortness of breath
Pain in chest and down arms
Dizziness
Sweating
Nausea
Had this before
Can be stress related
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19
Q

What is the treatment for Angina?

A

Keep patient calm
Sit up in W position
Give GTN spray (this can be repeated 3 times) and monitor for 10 minutes
If no improvement give dispensable aspirin 300mg and call 999

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20
Q

What are the signs of a cardiac arrest?

A

Unconscious patient
No pulse
Pupils dilated
Gasping for air

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21
Q

What is the treatment for a cardiac arrest?

A

Call 999
Administer oxygen
Place AED
CPR

22
Q

What is another name for a faint?

A

Vasovagal syncope

23
Q

What are the signs of a faint?

A 
Warm but clammy
White/grey pallor
Dizziness
Sweating
Seeing lights/blurred vision
Nausea
24
Q

What is the treatment for a faint?

A

Lay down and raise legs
Call 999 if dont recover
Give glucose drink when they come around

25
Q

What is hypoglycaemia?

A

Low blood sugar

26
Q

What are the signs of hypoglycaemia?

A 
Aggressive (out of character)
Rapid pulse
Cold, clammy, sweaty skin
Tremors
Headache
Sweaty
Slurred speech
Confusion 
Drowsy
Tingling in the mouth
27
Q

What is the treatment for hypoglycaemia?

A

If conscious, Give oral glucogel, repeated after 10-15 minutes if nessessary
If unconscious, and give glucagon injection (1mg to adults, 0.5 for children under 8)
Call 999 if Dont recover
Could take blood glucose level

28
Q

What are the signs of anaphylaxis?

A 
Swollen lips, eyelids or tongue
Weak but rapid pulse
Collapse
Wheezing
Hives
Blood pressure drops
Difficulty breathing
Itchy
Pin and needles
29
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

Call 999
Administer adrenaline or epipen
Give oxygen

30
Q

What are the signs for an asthma attack?

A 
Breathless
Wheezing
Restless
Cyanosis (blue lips)
Struggling to speak
31
Q

What is the treatment for an asthma attack?

A

Sit up and reassure
Give salbutamol inhaler (100mcg)
If this isn’t enough alone use a spacer (4-6 puffs every 10 minutes)
Call 999 if not improvement

32
Q

What are the signs for an epileptic fit?

A

Convulsions
Unconscious
Distant
Sleepy

33
Q

What is the treatment for an epileptic fit?

A 
Don’t move the patient 
Clear hazards
Call 999 if 1st fit or they are reoccurring or lasting longer than 5 minutes
Administer Midazolam
Put in recovery position when fit ends
34
Q

What is the treatment for choking?

A

Encourage patient to cough
5 backblows
5 abdominal thrusts

35
Q

What are the 3 types of external bleed?

A

Arterial - life threatening, bright red blood spurting
Venous - dark red blood
Capillary - minor

36
Q

What are the signs of shock?

A

Pale and clammy with blue tinge
Dizziness
Fast but weak pulse
Rapid but shallow breathing

37
Q

What is the treatment for shock?

A 
Lay down with legs raised
Loosen tight clothing
Keep comfortable, warm and calm
Never give food or drink
Call 999 and explain the cause
38
Q

What are the signs of choking?

A 
Coughing and spluttering
Breathing difficulty
Noisy breathing
Paradoxical chest (when the lungs balloon out during exhalation)
Cyanosis
Loss of consciousness
39
Q

What dosage of Midazolam is administered during an epileptic fit?

A

10mg/ml

40
Q

When would you use a Hudson Oxygen Mask?

A

Following a collapse or general anaesthetic

41
Q

What flow rate is used with a Hudson Oxygen Mask?

A

3-6 litres per minute

42
Q

What percentage of oxygen does a Hudson Oxygen Mask provide?

A

40%

43
Q

What is a disadvantage of the Hudson Oxygen Mask?

A

Has a poor seal so the oxygen is diluted

44
Q

Who is a non-rebreather mask used on?

A

A critically ill patient who is still breathing by themselves

45
Q

What percentage of oxygen would a patient receive with a non-rebreather mask?

A

60-95%

46
Q

What flow rate is used with a non-rebreather mask?

A

10-15 litres per minute

47
Q

Who is a bag valve mask used on?

A

Cardiac arrest patients

48
Q

What flow rate is used with bag valve oxygen mask?

A

15 litres per minute

49
Q

What percentage of oxygen is provided by a bag valve oxygen mask?

A

90-100%

50
Q

What flow rate is used with a nasal cannula?

A

4-5 litres per minute

51
Q

What percentage of oxygen does a nasal cannula provide?

A

28-35%

Sedation (7 decks)

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