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Sedation > Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

Allows for gaseous exchange
Connects veins to arteries
1 cell thick

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2
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

Carry blood away from heart
The smooth muscle fibres relax and contract in response to the sympathetic nervous system
Elastic walls allow strong blood surges

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3
Q

What is the function of the veins?

A

Returns blood back to the heart
Contains valves to prevent backflow
Carries deoxygenated blood

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4
Q

What are red blood cells also called?

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

What percentage do red blood cells make up in the blood?

A

41%

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6
Q

What is the function of the red blood cells?

A

Carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells
Returns waste Co2 to the lungs
Oxygen attaches to the haemoglobin

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7
Q

What are white blood cells also called?

A

Leukocytes

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8
Q

What percentage do white blood cells make up in the blood?

A

4%

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9
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Helps the body fight infection
They engulf and destroy microorganisms and dead tissue
They are produced in bone marrow and lymph nodes

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10
Q

What percentage does plasma make up in the blood?

A

55%

And is made up of 90% water itself

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11
Q

What is the function of the plasma?

A

Transports the blood cells around the body

Can form antibodies in special plasma proteins

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12
Q

How many litres of blood does the heart pump every minute?

A

5.7 litres

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13
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves located?

A

In every atrium and ventricle

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14
Q

Where are the semilunar valves located?

A

At the entrance of the pulmonary artery and right ventricle

And at the entrance of the aorta and left ventricle

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15
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

Between the right atrium and ventricle

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16
Q

Where is the mitral valve located?

A

Between the left atrium and ventricle

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17
Q

Where is the aortic valve located?

A

Between the aorta and the left ventricle

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18
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

Between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle

19
Q

What separates the left and right sides of the heart?

A

The interventricular septum

20
Q

Through what does the heart receive blood from the body?

A

Superior vena cava from above the heart

Inferior vena cava from below the heart

21
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

It accelerates the heart rate, battles the blood vessels and raises the blood pressure

22
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Slows the heart rate, relaxes the sphincter muscles and increased intestinal activity

23
Q

What is peripheral resistance?

A

The resistance of the arteries to blood flow.

This is influenced by the bloods viscosity, pharmacological agents and sympathetic activity

24
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

The volume of blood circulated in 1 minute

25
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat

This is usually 7ml at rest

26
Q

What is external respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

27
Q

What is Internal respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between the blood and cells

28
Q

How much air to be inhale/exhale with each breathe?

A

450ml of air

29
Q

What are the 2 main veins used in Intravenous sedation?

A

Cephalic and Basilic

30
Q

What percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide do we breathe in and out?

A

Breathe in: 21% oxygen

Breathe out: 16% oxygen and 4% Co2

31
Q

What happens to the air as it gets breathed in through the nose?

A

It gets warmed, moistened and filtered.

Foreign bodies stick to the mucus to get blown or sneezed away

32
Q

What is the pharynx also called?

A

The throat

33
Q

What happens in the throat when food is swallowed?

A

The epiglottis closes over the inlet to the larynx to prevent food entering the respiratory tract, causing choking

34
Q

What is the larynx also known as?

A

The Adam’s apple

35
Q

What is the trachea made up of?

A

Incomplete rings of cartilage which allows it to expand and contact when swallowing, connected by fibrous tissue

36
Q

What is the lifespan of red blood cells?

A

120 days

37
Q

Where are red blood cells destroyed?

A

In the spleen

38
Q

What is the lifespan of white blood cells?

A

13-21 days

39
Q

Where are white blood cells destroyed?

A

In the lymphatic system

40
Q

How much blood is in an adult human body?

A

5 litres

41
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Blood which is pumped from the heart to the lungs

42
Q

What is coronary circulation?

A

When the heart receives oxygenated blood

43
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

The circulation of oxygenated blood around the body

Sedation (7 decks)

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