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Sedation > Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

Allows for gaseous exchange
Connects veins to arteries
1 cell thick

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2
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

Carry blood away from heart
The smooth muscle fibres relax and contract in response to the sympathetic nervous system
Elastic walls allow strong blood surges

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3
Q

What is the function of the veins?

A

Returns blood back to the heart
Contains valves to prevent backflow
Carries deoxygenated blood

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4
Q

What are red blood cells also called?

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

What percentage do red blood cells make up in the blood?

A

41%

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6
Q

What is the function of the red blood cells?

A

Carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells
Returns waste Co2 to the lungs
Oxygen attaches to the haemoglobin

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7
Q

What are white blood cells also called?

A

Leukocytes

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8
Q

What percentage do white blood cells make up in the blood?

A

4%

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9
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Helps the body fight infection
They engulf and destroy microorganisms and dead tissue
They are produced in bone marrow and lymph nodes

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10
Q

What percentage does plasma make up in the blood?

A

55%

And is made up of 90% water itself

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11
Q

What is the function of the plasma?

A

Transports the blood cells around the body

Can form antibodies in special plasma proteins

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12
Q

How many litres of blood does the heart pump every minute?

A

5.7 litres

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13
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves located?

A

In every atrium and ventricle

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14
Q

Where are the semilunar valves located?

A

At the entrance of the pulmonary artery and right ventricle

And at the entrance of the aorta and left ventricle

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15
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

Between the right atrium and ventricle

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16
Q

Where is the mitral valve located?

A

Between the left atrium and ventricle

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17
Q

Where is the aortic valve located?

A

Between the aorta and the left ventricle

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18
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

Between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle

19
Q

What separates the left and right sides of the heart?

A

The interventricular septum

20
Q

Through what does the heart receive blood from the body?

A

Superior vena cava from above the heart

Inferior vena cava from below the heart

21
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

It accelerates the heart rate, battles the blood vessels and raises the blood pressure

22
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Slows the heart rate, relaxes the sphincter muscles and increased intestinal activity

23
Q

What is peripheral resistance?

A

The resistance of the arteries to blood flow.

This is influenced by the bloods viscosity, pharmacological agents and sympathetic activity

24
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

The volume of blood circulated in 1 minute

25
What is Stroke Volume?
The amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat | This is usually 7ml at rest
26
What is external respiration?
The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
27
What is Internal respiration?
The exchange of gases between the blood and cells
28
How much air to be inhale/exhale with each breathe?
450ml of air
29
What are the 2 main veins used in Intravenous sedation?
Cephalic and Basilic
30
What percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide do we breathe in and out?
Breathe in: 21% oxygen | Breathe out: 16% oxygen and 4% Co2
31
What happens to the air as it gets breathed in through the nose?
It gets warmed, moistened and filtered. | Foreign bodies stick to the mucus to get blown or sneezed away
32
What is the pharynx also called?
The throat
33
What happens in the throat when food is swallowed?
The epiglottis closes over the inlet to the larynx to prevent food entering the respiratory tract, causing choking
34
What is the larynx also known as?
The Adam’s apple
35
What is the trachea made up of?
Incomplete rings of cartilage which allows it to expand and contact when swallowing, connected by fibrous tissue
36
What is the lifespan of red blood cells?
120 days
37
Where are red blood cells destroyed?
In the spleen
38
What is the lifespan of white blood cells?
13-21 days
39
Where are white blood cells destroyed?
In the lymphatic system
40
How much blood is in an adult human body?
5 litres
41
What is pulmonary circulation?
Blood which is pumped from the heart to the lungs
42
What is coronary circulation?
When the heart receives oxygenated blood
43
What is systemic circulation?
The circulation of oxygenated blood around the body

Sedation (7 decks)

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