Medical Conditions etc.

Question 1

A type of vision problem that makes it hard to see clearly. Happens when the shape of your eye keeps light from focusing correctly on your retina (a light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye). The most common type of vision problem.

Answer 1

Refractive Error

Question 2

Farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age.

Answer 2

Presbyopia

Question 3

A cloudy area in the lens of your eye (the clear part of the eye that helps to focus light). Very common as you get older. In fact, more than half of all Americans age 80 or older either have this or have had surgery to get rid of this.

Answer 3

Cataracts

Question 4

A type of red-green color deficiency: a difficulty perceiving green. Someone with this deficiency has difficulty perceiving green because the necessary sensory cells – the cones for the color green – are defective

Answer 4

Deuteranomaly/Duteranopia

Question 5

A type of red-green color deficiency: a difficulty perceiving red. Someone with deficiency has red cones do not detect enough red and are too sensitive to greens, yellows, and oranges.

Answer 5

Protanomaly/Protanopia

Question 6

There a two types of blue-yellow color blindness. This type makes it hard to tell the difference between blue and green, and between yellow and red.

Answer 6

Tritanomaly

Question 7

There are 2 types of blue-yellow color blindness: This type makes you unable to tell the difference between blue and green, purple and red, and yellow and pink. It also makes colors look less bright.

Answer 7

Tritanopia

Question 8

Both the red and green cones do not function properly, while the blue cones work normally.

Answer 8

Blue cone monochromacy

Question 9

Though very rare, there are those who inherit an insensitivity to all colors, they see colors in grayscale.

Answer 9

Achromatopsia

Question 10

Eye condition that causes people to see floating dark spots

Answer 10

Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 11

Eye condition that limits vision to a smaller area, vision loss occurs on either the right or left side of both eyes.

Answer 11

Hemianopia

Question 12

Some people can see only a small area, and have no peripheral vision. The edges are heavily darkened or vignetted. It is like looking through a narrow tube.

Answer 12

Glaucoma

Question 13

An eye disease where there is a loss of vision in the center of the eye, the field of vision. While people with this disease have peripheral vision, the deterioration of the macula can cause either blurred vision or a blind spot to occur in the central vision.

Answer 13

Macular Degeneration

Question 14

A group of rare eye diseases that affect the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye). This makes cells in the retina break down slowly over time, causing vision loss. Is a genetic disease that people are born with.

Answer 14

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Question 15

For those who experience this condition, vision can be affected in multiple ways. Some may experience flashes of light in their vision field, while some see what is called “floaters” in their vision, which can appear as dark debris floating in front of them. Others see dark shadows which cover a significant portion of the field of vision.

Answer 15

Retinal Detachment

Question 16

A motor speech disability that occurs when a person has difficulty using muscles for speech production to form sounds of words. It may take a person several attempts to say the correct word.

Answer 16

Apraxia

Question 17

A motor speech disability that occurs due to brain damage. The muscles for speech production are impaired, causing slurred speech, slow speech, mumbling, or a voice that may sound hoarse or breathy.

Answer 17

Dysarthria

Question 18

This condition is an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write. It is always due to injury to the brain-most commonly from a stroke, particularly in older individuals. But brain injuries resulting in this condition may also arise from head trauma, from brain tumors, or from infections.”

Answer 18

Aphasia

Question 19

Having no speech, or this condition, is an inability to speak and can be caused by damage to the brain and / or speech muscles, by emotional or psychological reasons, or by a combination of causes.

Answer 19

Mutism

Question 20

A lack of speech due to underlying damage to the brain. Can be short or long term, static or progressive—it all depends on the region of the brain affected and the level of damage sustained. Often a manifestation of extreme forms of other speech disorders, including aphasia, apraxia or dysarthria.

Answer 20

Neurogenic Mutism

Question 21

Occurs when someone—usually a child—who is capable of speaking stops speaking

Answer 21

Psychogenic Mutism

Question 22

A type of psychogenic mutism where person wants to speak, but in certain circumstances finds that they can’t, chooses not to speak.

Answer 22

Selective Mutism

Question 23

A type of psychogenic mutism where a person wants to speak but cannot in certain situations due to psychological issues, anxiety.

Answer 23

Elective Mutism

Question 24

A person does not speak under any circumstance.

Answer 24

Total Mutism

Question 25

A person is diagnosed with this condition when they have had two or more seizures. A seizure is a short change in normal brain activity. Seizures are the main sign of this condition.

Answer 25

Epilepsy

Question 26

Difficulty with processing sounds or speech. This is not the inability to hear. It’s the inability to interpret, organize, or analyze what’s heard. All the parts of the hearing pathway are working well. But parts of the brain are not.

Answer 26

Central Auditory Processing Disorder (ADP)

Question 27

A person with this condition has experiences involving hallucinations and delusions. They see things and hear voices.

Answer 27

Positive schizophrenia

Question 28

A person with this condition has experiences involving a lack of motivation, a dreary mood, and isolating oneself from society. Additionally, people with this condition experience difficulty expressing themselves, attention and memory deficits, and trouble controlling their movements.

Answer 28

Negative schizophrenia

Question 29

A learning disability that impairs a person’s ability to read. Individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Common characteristics: difficulty with phonological processing (the manipulation of sounds), spelling, and / or rapid visual-verbal responding. Adult onset usually occurs as a result of brain injury or in the context of dementia. It can be inherited, and recent studies have identified a number of genes that may predispose an individual to developing this condition.

Answer 29

Dyslexia

Question 30

People with the syndrome have normal intelligence and language development, but have trouble with social skills, sensory input, and making transitions.

Answer 30

Non-verbal Learning & Asperger Syndrome

AS and NLD are generally thought to describe the same kind of disorder but to differ in severity, with AS describing more severe symptoms

Question 31

Inability to understand arithmetic and how to calculate.

Answer 31

Dyscalculia

Question 32

An inability to draw or copy figures and graphs.

Answer 32

Dysgraphia

Question 33

What are some (6) causes of blindness?

Answer 33

Diabetes
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Accidents or traumatic injuries to the eye
Stroke
Retinitis Pigmentosa

Question 34

What are some (6) causes of hearing loss and deafness?

Answer 34

genetics,
premature birth,
infections/illnesses,
ear trauma,
exposure to loud noises,
and aging

Question 35

What are some causes of cognitive disabilities?

Answer 35

congenital conditions that are with an individual from birth
developmental conditions that are with a person from a young age.
traumatic injury,
infections,
chemical imbalances

Question 36

A speech disability that affects the fluency of speech sounds. Words or parts of words may be involuntarily repeated, speech sounds may be prolonged, or speech sounds may be stopped or blocked completely.

Answer 36

Stuttering

Question 37

A disability that affects the fluency of speech. Consists of rapid speech that may be inconsistent in rhythm and lack syntax, or grammar. Speech may be clear at first, but increases at a quick rate. Slurred speech may also occur.

Answer 37

Cluttering

Question 38

Disorders where certain sounds of speech may be difficult to produce, specifically consonant sounds.

Answer 38

Speech sound disorders

Question 39

Difficulty in physically producing speech sounds. As a result, certain speech sounds may be either omitted or added, substituted for other sounds, or the sound is distorted.

Answer 39

Articulation disorders

Question 40

Difficulty in distinguishing speech sounds in languages. Only a few sounds may be used, thus affecting word meaning. For example, the words “call” and “tall” may both be pronounced as “tall”, even though the person may be attempting to use the word “call” and its meaning in his or her statement.

Answer 40

Phonemic disorders

Question 41

What are some (8) causes of seizures?

Answer 41

brain injury,
dehydration,
sleep deprivation,
infections,
fevers,
drug overdoses,
drug withdrawals,
flashing lights.

Question 42

What are some (4) anxiety disorders?

Answer 42

Panic Disorder
Phobias
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Question 43

What are some (3) mood disorders?

Answer 43

Depression
Bipolar disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)