Medical Conditions etc. Flashcards
A type of vision problem that makes it hard to see clearly. Happens when the shape of your eye keeps light from focusing correctly on your retina (a light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye). The most common type of vision problem.
Refractive Error
Farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age.
Presbyopia
A cloudy area in the lens of your eye (the clear part of the eye that helps to focus light). Very common as you get older. In fact, more than half of all Americans age 80 or older either have this or have had surgery to get rid of this.
Cataracts
A type of red-green color deficiency: a difficulty perceiving green. Someone with this deficiency has difficulty perceiving green because the necessary sensory cells – the cones for the color green – are defective
Deuteranomaly/Duteranopia
A type of red-green color deficiency: a difficulty perceiving red. Someone with deficiency has red cones do not detect enough red and are too sensitive to greens, yellows, and oranges.
Protanomaly/Protanopia
There a two types of blue-yellow color blindness. This type makes it hard to tell the difference between blue and green, and between yellow and red.
Tritanomaly
There are 2 types of blue-yellow color blindness: This type makes you unable to tell the difference between blue and green, purple and red, and yellow and pink. It also makes colors look less bright.
Tritanopia
Both the red and green cones do not function properly, while the blue cones work normally.
Blue cone monochromacy
Though very rare, there are those who inherit an insensitivity to all colors, they see colors in grayscale.
Achromatopsia
Eye condition that causes people to see floating dark spots
Diabetic Retinopathy
Eye condition that limits vision to a smaller area, vision loss occurs on either the right or left side of both eyes.
Hemianopia
Some people can see only a small area, and have no peripheral vision. The edges are heavily darkened or vignetted. It is like looking through a narrow tube.
Glaucoma
An eye disease where there is a loss of vision in the center of the eye, the field of vision. While people with this disease have peripheral vision, the deterioration of the macula can cause either blurred vision or a blind spot to occur in the central vision.
Macular Degeneration
A group of rare eye diseases that affect the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye). This makes cells in the retina break down slowly over time, causing vision loss. Is a genetic disease that people are born with.
Retinitis Pigmentosa
For those who experience this condition, vision can be affected in multiple ways. Some may experience flashes of light in their vision field, while some see what is called “floaters” in their vision, which can appear as dark debris floating in front of them. Others see dark shadows which cover a significant portion of the field of vision.
Retinal Detachment
A motor speech disability that occurs when a person has difficulty using muscles for speech production to form sounds of words. It may take a person several attempts to say the correct word.
Apraxia
A motor speech disability that occurs due to brain damage. The muscles for speech production are impaired, causing slurred speech, slow speech, mumbling, or a voice that may sound hoarse or breathy.
Dysarthria
This condition is an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write. It is always due to injury to the brain-most commonly from a stroke, particularly in older individuals. But brain injuries resulting in this condition may also arise from head trauma, from brain tumors, or from infections.”
Aphasia
Having no speech, or this condition, is an inability to speak and can be caused by damage to the brain and / or speech muscles, by emotional or psychological reasons, or by a combination of causes.
Mutism
A lack of speech due to underlying damage to the brain. Can be short or long term, static or progressive—it all depends on the region of the brain affected and the level of damage sustained. Often a manifestation of extreme forms of other speech disorders, including aphasia, apraxia or dysarthria.
Neurogenic Mutism
Occurs when someone—usually a child—who is capable of speaking stops speaking
Psychogenic Mutism
A type of psychogenic mutism where person wants to speak, but in certain circumstances finds that they can’t, chooses not to speak.
Selective Mutism
A type of psychogenic mutism where a person wants to speak but cannot in certain situations due to psychological issues, anxiety.
Elective Mutism
A person does not speak under any circumstance.
Total Mutism
A person is diagnosed with this condition when they have had two or more seizures. A seizure is a short change in normal brain activity. Seizures are the main sign of this condition.
Epilepsy
Difficulty with processing sounds or speech. This is not the inability to hear. It’s the inability to interpret, organize, or analyze what’s heard. All the parts of the hearing pathway are working well. But parts of the brain are not.
Central Auditory Processing Disorder (ADP)
A person with this condition has experiences involving hallucinations and delusions. They see things and hear voices.
Positive schizophrenia
A person with this condition has experiences involving a lack of motivation, a dreary mood, and isolating oneself from society. Additionally, people with this condition experience difficulty expressing themselves, attention and memory deficits, and trouble controlling their movements.
Negative schizophrenia
A learning disability that impairs a person’s ability to read. Individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Common characteristics: difficulty with phonological processing (the manipulation of sounds), spelling, and / or rapid visual-verbal responding. Adult onset usually occurs as a result of brain injury or in the context of dementia. It can be inherited, and recent studies have identified a number of genes that may predispose an individual to developing this condition.
Dyslexia
People with the syndrome have normal intelligence and language development, but have trouble with social skills, sensory input, and making transitions.
Non-verbal Learning & Asperger Syndrome
AS and NLD are generally thought to describe the same kind of disorder but to differ in severity, with AS describing more severe symptoms
Inability to understand arithmetic and how to calculate.
Dyscalculia
An inability to draw or copy figures and graphs.
Dysgraphia
What are some (6) causes of blindness?
Diabetes
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Accidents or traumatic injuries to the eye
Stroke
Retinitis Pigmentosa
What are some (6) causes of hearing loss and deafness?
genetics,
premature birth,
infections/illnesses,
ear trauma,
exposure to loud noises,
and aging
What are some causes of cognitive disabilities?
congenital conditions that are with an individual from birth
developmental conditions that are with a person from a young age.
traumatic injury,
infections,
chemical imbalances
A speech disability that affects the fluency of speech sounds. Words or parts of words may be involuntarily repeated, speech sounds may be prolonged, or speech sounds may be stopped or blocked completely.
Stuttering
A disability that affects the fluency of speech. Consists of rapid speech that may be inconsistent in rhythm and lack syntax, or grammar. Speech may be clear at first, but increases at a quick rate. Slurred speech may also occur.
Cluttering
Disorders where certain sounds of speech may be difficult to produce, specifically consonant sounds.
Speech sound disorders
Difficulty in physically producing speech sounds. As a result, certain speech sounds may be either omitted or added, substituted for other sounds, or the sound is distorted.
Articulation disorders
Difficulty in distinguishing speech sounds in languages. Only a few sounds may be used, thus affecting word meaning. For example, the words “call” and “tall” may both be pronounced as “tall”, even though the person may be attempting to use the word “call” and its meaning in his or her statement.
Phonemic disorders
What are some (8) causes of seizures?
brain injury,
dehydration,
sleep deprivation,
infections,
fevers,
drug overdoses,
drug withdrawals,
flashing lights.
What are some (4) anxiety disorders?
Panic Disorder
Phobias
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
What are some (3) mood disorders?
Depression
Bipolar disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
