Accessibility and Universal Design Flashcards
Screen readers are a type of assistive technology that relays information displayed visually in digital media to the reader in a computerized voice. For a blind person who prefer to read in silence, what other format might a screen reader output to?
- Open Captions
- ePUB
- Refreshable braille display
- Alternative and Augmented Communications
- Refreshable braille display
What is one of the main shortcomings of artificial intelligence or automated captions?
- Display in more than two lines
- Do not include grammar and punctuation
- Cannot be shown in a transcript
- Are not readable on mobile devices
- Do not include grammar and punctuation.
Eye gaze products and switches are input devices that are designed to support which type of disability?
- Hearing
- Speech
- Vision
- Mobility
- Mobility
Which disability, according to WHO reports, has a large percentage of cases that could be prevented with access to health and medical care?
- Quadraplegia
- Aphasia
- Blindness
- Dysgraphia
- Blindness
Which principle of WCAG refers to the backward and forward compatibility of digital products?
- Perceivable
- Operable
- Understandable
- Robust
- Robust
A web page uses headings and simplified language. This is an example of which type of solution?
A. Flexibility in use
B. Low physical effort
C. Multiple means of engagement
D. Usability and accessibility
D. Usability and accessibility
Persons with which type of disabilities/impairments benefit MOST from these input methods and tools:
Word prediction/lookup -
Simplified interface -
Augmentative aids, such as picture and symbol communication boards
A. Auditory
B. Cognitive
C. Mobility
D. Visual
B. Cognitive
Using directional signs in an airport that accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills is an example of which principle of Universal Design 2.0?
A. Principle Five: Tolerance for Error
B. Principle Six: Low Physical Effort
C. Principle Three: Simple and Intuitive Use
D. Principle Two: Flexibility of Use
D. Principle Two: Flexibility of Use
An example that supports the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 principle of Robust on a mobile device is by providing:
A. a virtual keyboard.
B. captions and transcripts.
C. color contrast options.
D. limited content.
A. a virtual keyboard.
According to the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0, which is an example of principle three: Simple and Intuitive to Use?
A. Arrange elements to minimize errors.
B. Be consistent with user interface elements.
C. Provide warnings of hazards and errors.
D. Minimize repetitive actions.
B. Be consistent with user interface elements.
A read-aloud function which highlights text as it is read, a clear, well-structured, simplified navigation system, diagrams that illustrate the point of the content, and icons to visually reinforce structure are particularly helpful for persons:
A. who are non-verbal.
B. who are non-visual.
C. with cognitive disabilities.
D. with communication disabilities.
C. with cognitive disabilities.
According to the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0, an example of principle two: Flexibility in Use is
A. accommodating a wide range of literacy and language skills.
B. accommodating left- and right-handed access.
C. providing compatibility with a variety of devices used by people with sensory limitations.
D. using different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.
D. using different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.
Images and icons that can explain content, navigational elements that are clear and large enough to touch, integrated speech output, and total keyboard accessibility that can be translated to switch access are ALL design practices that can facilitate the use of which type of assistive devices?
A. Augmentative and alternative communication devices
B. Listening devices
C. Magnification devices
D. Screen readers
D. Screen readers
What are standard communication methods for a person who is Deafblind?
A. Navigation aids, tactile sign language, Braille, tactile marking/sign
B. Simplified environmental design, visual and audio alternatives to text
C. Standard/consistent physical positioning and visual presentation, visual filters
D. Visual labels/notifications/alerts, assistive listening devices, voice carryover
A. Navigation aids, tactile sign language, Braille, tactile marking/sign
In the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0, which definition defines principle one: Equitable Use?
A. design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences.
B. design communicates necessary information effectively to the user regardless of sensory abilities.
C. design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.
D. of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience.
C. design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.
Which is the name of a principle from the Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0?
A. Keyboard Accessible
B. Perceivable
C. Perceptible Information
D. Timing Adjustable
C. Perceptible Information
When adequate clearance is provided, which is the MOST commonly built practice incorporated in the design of a kiosk (e.g., ATM/Cash Machine) that benefits wheelchair users?
A. A frontal approach
B. A sideways approach
C. An adjustable height
D. An elevated approach
C. An adjustable height
Which of the following is a primary principle of universal design?
a) Flexibility in use
b) Equality in access
c) Simple and intuitive use
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following is a primary accessibility guideline for web content?
a) Use of images
b) Use of tables
c) Use of alt tags for non-text content
d) Use of long paragraphs
c) Use of alt tags for non-text content
What is the minimum contrast ratio recommended for text and images?
a) 2:1
b) 3:1
c) 4:1
d) 5:1
c) 4:1
Which of the following is a consideration when designing for accessibility?
a) Cultural sensitivity
b) Browser compatibility
c) Search engine optimization
d) All of the above
a) Cultural sensitivity
Which of the following best describes individual accommodations?
A) Providing a range of options to suit diverse needs
B) Making specific changes to meet the needs of an individual
C) Creating a single design to accommodate everyone
D) Ignoring the needs of individuals in favor of a more efficient process
B) Making specific changes to meet the needs of an individual
Which of the following is an example of an individual accommodation?
A) A sign language interpreter for a deaf employee
B) A wheelchair ramp for an office building entrance
C) Accessible parking spaces for people with disabilities
D) Text transcripts for a video presentation
A) A sign language interpreter for a deaf employee
Which of the following best describes inclusive design?
A) Meeting the needs of the individual, regardless of cost or effort
B) Designing with a focus on accessibility and usability for all people
C) Providing accommodations only when legally required
D) Designing for the average user, excluding those with diverse needs
B) Designing with a focus on accessibility and usability for all people
Which of the following is an example of inclusive design?
A) A website that is only accessible to those with a screen reader
B) A building with a wheelchair ramp at the front entrance
C) A classroom with adjustable height desks for all students
D) A public transit system with only one accessible route
C) A classroom with adjustable height desks for all students
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of individual accommodations?
A) High cost to implement
B) Limited effectiveness for a small number of people
C) Unnecessary changes for the majority of users
D) None of the above
A) High cost to implement
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of inclusive design?
A) Excluding individuals with specific needs
B) Difficult to implement for complex systems
C) Too broad to address specific needs
D) None of the above
B) Difficult to implement for complex systems
Which of the following is a potential advantage of individual accommodations?
A) Easy to implement for specific individuals
B) Provides a tailored solution for the individual
C) Helps to build a culture of diversity and inclusion
D) None of the above
B) Provides a tailored solution for the individual
Which of the following is a potential advantage of inclusive design?
A) Lower cost to implement in the long term
B) Reduces the need for individual accommodations
C) Increases accessibility and usability for everyone
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following is an example of an individual accommodation for a visually impaired person?
A) Providing a wheelchair ramp
B) Adding closed captioning to a video
C) Providing large print documents
D) Installing a Braille sign at an entrance
C) Providing large print documents
Which of the following is an example of inclusive design for a visually impaired person?
A) Providing a wheelchair ramp
B) Adding closed captioning to a video
C) Providing large print documents
D) Installing a Braille sign at an entrance
C) Providing large print documents
Which of the following is an example of an individual accommodation?
A) An accessible entrance to a building
B) Providing alternative formats for printed materials
C) Sign language interpreting for a public event
D) Adding closed captions to a video
C) Sign language interpreting for a public event
Which of the following is an example of inclusive design?
A) Providing a separate entrance for individuals with disabilities
B) Adding a ramp to an entrance with stairs
C) Using simple language in written materials
D) Providing alternative text for images on a website
C) Using simple language in written materials
Which of the following is a potential advantage of individual accommodations?
A) Can provide a tailored solution for the individual
B) Can be less expensive than inclusive design
C) Can be implemented quickly and easily
D) None of the above
A) Can provide a tailored solution for the individual
Which of the following is a potential advantage of inclusive design?
A) Can be more cost-effective in the long run
B) Can reduce the need for individual accommodations
C) Can increase accessibility and usability for everyone
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following is a benefit of accessible websites?
A) They are easier to navigate for people with disabilities
B) They have a larger audience reach
C) They are more visually appealing
D) They load faster
B) They have a larger audience reach
What is the purpose of accessibility in Information Communication Technology (ICT)?
A) To ensure that everyone has equal access to technology
B) To make technology more expensive
C) To create more jobs in the tech industry
D) None of the above
A) To ensure that everyone has equal access to technology
Which of the following is a common barrier to accessibility in ICT?
A) Compatibility issues with assistive technology
B) Limited functionality
C) High cost
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following is an example of an accessible ICT feature?
A) Closed captions on videos
B) Complicated user interface
C) Small font size
D) None of the above
A) Closed captions on videos
What is the purpose of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)?
A) To provide guidelines for making web content more accessible
B) To restrict access to web content
C) To make web content more complicated
D) None of the above
A) To provide guidelines for making web content more accessible
Which of the following is a common accessibility issue with documents?
A) Use of small font size
B) Lack of headings and lists
C) Use of bright colors
D) None of the above
B) Lack of headings and lists
What is the purpose of the Accessibility Guidelines for Electronic and Information Technology (Section 508)?
A) To ensure that federal agencies provide accessible technology to employees and members of the public with disabilities
B) To limit access to technology for people with disabilities
C) To make technology more expensive
D) None of the above
A) To ensure that federal agencies provide accessible technology to employees and members of the public with disabilities
What is the purpose of the Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) specification?
A) To provide a set of guidelines for making websites accessible
B) To provide a set of tools for making web applications more accessible
C) To restrict access to web applications
D) None of the above
B) To provide a set of tools for making web applications more accessible
What is the purpose of the Accessible Icon Project?
A) To promote the use of the standard accessibility symbol
B) To limit access to public spaces for people with disabilities
C) To make accessibility modifications more expensive
D) None of the above
A) To promote the use of the standard accessibility symbol
What is the purpose of the Access Board?
A) To develop accessibility guidelines and standards for buildings and facilities
B) To limit access to buildings and facilities for people with disabilities
C) To make accessibility modifications more expensive
D) None of the above
A) To develop accessibility guidelines and standards for buildings and facilities
Which of the following is not a core principle of Universal Design for Learning (UDL)?
a) Representation
b) Engagement
c) Action and expression
d) Assessment and evaluation
d) Assessment and evaluation
UDL aims to provide multiple means of ___________ for learners.
a) motivation
b) representation
c) action and expression
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Which of the following is an example of providing multiple means of representation in a learning environment?
a) Allowing learners to choose the font size and style in digital materials
b) Offering rewards for completing assignments on time
c) Limiting the number of choices for an assignment
d) Allowing learners to submit assignments only in written format
a) Allowing learners to choose the font size and style in digital materials
b) Offering rewards for completing
Which UDL guideline is concerned with providing learners with options for how they can demonstrate their knowledge?
a) Representation
b) Engagement
c) Action and expression
d) None of the above
c) Action and expression
Which of the following is an example of providing multiple means of engagement in a learning environment?
a) Requiring learners to complete a certain number of practice exercises before moving on to new material
b) Offering learners choices in how they can complete an assignment
c) Providing learners with a single mode of instruction throughout a course
d) Allowing learners to complete a course at their own pace without deadlines
b) Offering learners choices in how they can complete an assignment
Which UDL guideline is concerned with providing learners with options for how they can access and navigate learning materials?
a) Representation
b) Engagement
c) Action and expression
d) None of the above
a) Representation
Which of the following is an example of providing multiple means of action and expression in a learning environment?
a) Requiring learners to complete an assignment in a specific format
b) Providing learners with a single tool for completing an assignment
c) Allowing learners to choose how they want to complete an assignment
d) Offering rewards for completing an assignment
c) Allowing learners to choose how they want to complete an assignment
Which UDL guideline is concerned with providing learners with options for how they can interact with others in a learning environment?
a) Representation
b) Engagement
c) Action and expression
d) None of the above
b) Engagement
UDL is based on which educational philosophy?
a) Differentiated instruction
b) Constructivism
c) Behaviorism
d) None of the above
Answer: d) None of the above (UDL is based on the premise that the learning environment should be designed to be accessible and inclusive for all learners, regardless of their background or learning style)
d) None of the above (UDL is based on the premise that the learning environment should be designed to be accessible and inclusive for all learners, regardless of their background or learning style)
Which of the following best describes the “focus order” in web accessibility?
A) The order in which a screen reader reads out the content on a webpage
B) The order in which the links are arranged on a webpage
C) The order in which users interact with content on a webpage
D) The order in which the content is visually displayed on a webpage
C) The order in which users interact with content on a webpage
Which of the following is an example of a technique for ensuring color contrast compliance in web design?
A) Using dark text on a dark background
B) Using light text on a light background
C) Using bold text to increase contrast
D) Using a color contrast checker tool
D) Using a color contrast checker tool
Which of the following is an example of a technique for improving keyboard accessibility?
A) Using hover effects to highlight clickable elements
B) Hiding focus outlines for aesthetic purposes
C) Using “tabindex” to define the order in which users navigate through elements
D) Using small font sizes for text links
C) Using “tabindex” to define the order in which users navigate through elements
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the “tabindex” attribute in HTML?
A) To define the size of a clickable area
B) To set the background color of a webpage
C) To specify the order in which users navigate through elements using the keyboard
D) To define the font family of a text element
C) To specify the order in which users navigate through elements using the keyboard
Which of the following is an example of a usability heuristic?
A) Providing a clear and concise error message when a user inputs invalid data
B) Using a lot of different font sizes and styles throughout a website
C) Using a complex and unpredictable navigation system
D) Using long paragraphs of text without headings or subheadings
A) Providing a clear and concise error message when a user inputs invalid data
Which of the following best describes the purpose of ARIA attributes in web accessibility?
A) To define the visual appearance of elements on a webpage
B) To provide additional information about elements on a webpage for assistive technology users
C) To restrict access to certain elements on a webpage for security purposes
D) To improve page load times by reducing the size of web content
B) To provide additional information about elements on a webpage for assistive technology users
Which of the following is an example of a user experience design principle that focuses on user satisfaction?
A) Consistency in design throughout a website
B) Using a lot of different colors and fonts
C) Using a complex and unpredictable navigation system
D) Designing for simplicity and ease of use
D) Designing for simplicity and ease of use
