Medical Conditions

Question 1

aetiology of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Answer 1

bone marrow makes too many lymphoid blast cells, these are immature and unable to grow to normal lymphocytes
these lymphocytes grow and divide rapidly, building up in bone marrow and blood

can spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen, CNS, testicles

Question 2

symptoms and teams and management for aucte lymphoblastic leukaemia

Answer 2

breathlessness, pallor, tired, easy bruising/bleeding, high temp, infections, swollen lymph nodes, irritability, bone pain, loss of appetite, tummy fullness

paeds oncologist, haematologist, dentist, GP, cancer nurse specialist, play specialist, psychologist, social workers

chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, bone marrow transplant

Question 3

oral problems in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Answer 3

increased infection risk
oral/pharyngeal mucositis
xerostomia
increased caries
gingival hyperplasia
bleeding gums
ORN
MRONJ
trismus

Question 4

tx plan considerations in lymphoblastic leukaemia

Answer 4

prioritise prevention
time appts around tx
fatigue with care, immunosuppression, bleeding risk

aggressive tx planning regarding infection risk

Question 5

aetiology of T1DM

Answer 5

autoimmune destruction of beta cells and islets of langerhans in pancreas
lack of insulin causes hypergylcaemia, polyuria, dehydrations, lethargy, weight loss

Question 6

teams and management for T1DM

Answer 6

paed endocrinologist, specialist nurse, dietician, psychologist

insulin, education

Question 7

what value is classed as hypergylcaemia

Answer 7

> 11.1 mmol/litre

Question 8

oral problems and tx plan considerations in T1DM

Answer 8

increased susceptibilty to PD disease
reduced salivary flow
increased caries
candidosis
infection, delayed healing

prioritise infection, timing of appts around eating/insulin
GA issues, anxiety, fatigue with care

Question 9

what is autism spectrum disorder

Answer 9

lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder
difficulties in communication, forming relationships, limited patterns of behaviour and resistance to small changes in familiar surroundings

sensory overload, change in routine, new smells, auditory noises, cold sensations, invasion of personal space

Question 10

team and oral problems in ASD

Answer 10

paediatrician, dietician, educational psychiatrist, GMP, occupational therapist, social worker, health visitor, speech and language

NCTSL, caries, trauma, self-injurious, xerostomia

Question 11

tx planning considerations in ASD

Answer 11

minimise wait, short appt, find out triggers, take own toothbrush/sunglasses, comforters, timers, time of day suit their routine

turn off radio, clutter free, acclimatisation, dim lights

some dont like being touched, eye contact, need time to process info

story books, non flavoured/non foaming toothpaste

Question 12

aetiology of congenital heart disease

Answer 12

can be unknown
acyonotic = ventricular septal defect, aortic/pulmonary stenosis
cyanotic = tetrology of fallot

Question 13

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Answer 13

hole in ventricular system, blood shunting from left to right through defect, can develop heart failure
management through medication or surgical closure under cardiopulmonary bypass

Question 14

tetrology of fallot

Answer 14

VSD, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
surgical tx

Question 15

oral problems in congenital heart disease

Answer 15

increased enamel hypoplasia, hypodontia associated with DS21
increased bleeding tendency due to medications, careful use of adrenaline, GA risk, infective endocarditis

Question 16

infective endocarditis risk groups

Answer 16

prosthetic valve, previous IE, cyanotic CHD

Question 17

tx planning consideration IE

Answer 17

risk of bacteraemia - poor OH, dental infection, invasive procedures
need optimal OH, avoid infection through early caries management
radical tx to keep free of infection
hall crown contraindicated, XLA of deep caries

liasion with cardiology with antibiotics prophylaxis
may need to delcare dentally fit