Medical Clinical Signs

Question 1

Abducent nerve palsy

Answer 1

Lateral rectus
Esotropia of affected eye
Diplopia
Acquired: vascular, trauma, increased pressure, temporal arteritis, MS
Congenital- no double vision

Question 2

Acromegaly

Answer 2

XS GH
Frontal bossing
Prognathism
Kyphosis

Question 3

Gardner’s syndrome

Answer 3

FAP- polyps

rectal bleedings, diarrhoea, abdo pain, rectal polyps, thyroid cancer.

Question 4

Adrenal failure acute

Answer 4

D+V, tachy, hypotensive, fever, shock, coma, death

Question 5

Alcoholic myopathy

Answer 5

proximal
biceps, pecs
cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias
increase in CK

Question 6

ALS

Answer 6

commonest MND
degeneration of ant. horn cells
MIXED picture (UMN and LMN)
asymmetrical distal weakness
brisk reflexes
absent sensation

Question 7

Acquired angioedema

Answer 7

Acute allergic
Non-allergic drug reaction
Idiopathic

URTICARIA

Question 8

Congenital angioedema

Answer 8

NO urticaria
starts in pubery
with exercise, menstruation

Question 9

Anterior synechiae

Answer 9

odd shaped pupil
iris adheres to cornea
iritis, trauma, closed angle glaucoma.

Question 10

Anti-muscarinic SE

Answer 10

Constipation
Low HR
Glaucoma
Dry mouth
Urinary retention 
Pupil dilated

Question 11

Examples of anti muscarinics

Answer 11

atropine
ipratropium
oxybutinin
mebeverine

Question 12

Quincke

Answer 12

nail bed throbbing

Question 13

Traube

Answer 13

pistol shot femorals

Question 14

Duroziez

Answer 14

murmurs over femorals

Question 15

Apical lung cancer

Answer 15

Pancoast
Horner’s
Hoarse voice
Arm oedema

Question 16

Arachnodactyly

Answer 16

spider fingers
Marfan’s
Ehlers Danlos
Homocystinuria

Question 17

Arnold Chiari

Answer 17

Medulla, 4th ventricle and cerebellum displaced downwards.

Present with a meningiomyocele

Question 18

Athetosis

Answer 18

slow, irregular, sinous, writhing movements

Cerebral Palsy, Huntingtons, CVA, space occupying lesion.

Question 19

AVSD

Answer 19

Complete: blue baby
Partial: breathless baby

DOWNs syndrome

Question 20

Foucher’s sign

Answer 20

baker’s cyst firm when leg straightened.

Question 21

Bartter’s syndrome

Answer 21

inherited defect ascending loop
like too much loop diuretics
increased urine, increased thirsts, vomiting.

Question 22

Basal ganglia

Answer 22

Striatum
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra
Nucleus accumbens
Subthalamic nucleus

Question 23

Beckers MD

Answer 23

milder than deuchennes
proximal muscle weakness
Gower’s sign

Question 24

Beer drinker potomania

Answer 24

Lots of beer
Little food
Electrolyte disturbance

Question 25

Bell's sign

Answer 25

NOT bell's palsy When try to close eye with them being held open, one eyes moves up and outward due to week ocularis oculi.

Question 26

Boutonniere's deformity

Answer 26

PIP flexed, DIP hyperextended

Question 27

Broca's area

Answer 27

usually left side

Question 28

Bronchiectasis

Answer 28

permanent dilatation and thickening of airways

Question 29

calcium channel blockers SE

Answer 29

flushing headache ankle swelling constipation

Question 30

cerebral palsy

Answer 30

90% spastic dyskinetic ataxia

Question 31

chemodecta

Answer 31

paraganglioma | carotid body tumour

Question 32

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 32

6 months, no signs, 24 hour delayed fatigue

Question 33

chvostek's sign

Answer 33

tap face

Question 34

club foot

Answer 34

talipes equinovarus

Question 35

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 35

erythema nodosum

Question 36

compartment syndrome

Answer 36

``` pain out of proportion increased pressure pain on passive extension pallor parasetheisa ```

Question 37

cauda equina

Answer 37

L1/L2

Question 38

corneal archus

Answer 38

arcus selenis | hypercholesterolaeamia

Question 39

costochondritis

Answer 39

CP reproducible on palpation of the sternum

Question 40

cranial paget's

Answer 40

increase hat size, hearing loss, vertigo

Question 41

crocodile tears sign

Answer 41

uncommon complication of bell's palsy cry when eating facial paralysis when eating.

Question 42

cysticercosis

Answer 42

tape worm pork or beef abdo pain, nausea, diarrhoea 6-8 weeks after

Question 43

dengue fever

Answer 43

mosquitos febrile phase critical phase (low bp, GI bleeding, ascites, pleural effusions) recover phase (altered consciousness, seizures)

Question 44

Nephrogenic DI

Answer 44

amyloidosis any kidney disease Sx: increased thirst, dehydration, increased urine

Question 45

Diptheria

Answer 45

bacteria grey-white membrane in throat pseudomembrane can become very large and obstruct airways

Question 46

distention of mitral valve ring

Answer 46

due to dilated left ventricle | causes regurgitation

Question 47

drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome

Answer 47

3-6 weeks after first exposure | muco-cutaneous rash, fever, lymphadenopathy and organ failure.

Question 48

ehler's danlos

Answer 48

gollagen disorder fragile skin stretchy and gross fragile blood vessels- internal bleeds

Question 49

Eisenmengers

Answer 49

reversal of a L to R shunt (to R to L) in teens causing them to become syanosed and get R heart failure- die in 30s

Question 50

Exudative tonsilitis

Answer 50

Group A strep

Question 51

Facial nerve disconnection

Answer 51

Loss of ant 2/3 taste and decreased saliva. ``` Chorda tympani mastoid segment of facial nerve Afferent sensation via lingual nerve. Effecent parasympathetic secretomotor to sub-mandibular and lingual glands. Travels through the middle ear ```

Question 52

Fibrosing alveolitis

Answer 52

Restrictive | Cor pulmonale

Question 53

Fixed drug eruption

Answer 53

Allergy 30 mins- 8 hours after had drug. Round/oval patches of redness and swelling

Question 54

Flaccid paraparesis

Answer 54

LMN= flaccid Polio Botulism GBS

Question 55

Fluid overload

Answer 55

``` Iatrogenic Heart failure AKI SIADH Physical stress Pink/frothy sputum ```

Question 56

Giardia lamblia infection

Answer 56

Protazoa Poor sanitation Chronic diarrhoea/malabsorption Failur to thrive, abdo pain etc.

Question 57

Gitelman

Answer 57

``` Hereditary Potassium tubulopathy Salt wasting RAS activation alkalosis hypocalcaemia normal blood pressure ```

Question 58

Thyroid malignancy

Answer 58

80% are papillary, then follicular (10%) Young females, good prognosis Metastasizes to lung and bone MEN 2

Question 59

Haemachromatosis

Answer 59

HFE mutation | slate-gray

Question 60

Hemiballismus

Answer 60

ver rare movement disorder decreased activity of subthalamic nucleus flailing, ballistic undesired limb movements. Caused by: stroke, brain injury, ALS, neoplasms

Question 61

Henna

Answer 61

G6PD haemolytic crisis

Question 62

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

Answer 62

vascular dysplasia Present in their teens with epistaxis Mucocutaneous lesions

Question 63

Heroin

Answer 63

dry mouth warm skin respiratory depression weakness

Question 64

Hoffman

Answer 64

UMN lesion | finger flick

Question 65

Homan

Answer 65

DVT sign or Baker's cyst | Pain on passive dorsiflxion

Question 66

Marfans

Answer 66

``` AD Aortic regurg Superior lens dislocation Scoliosis Flat feet ```

Question 67

Homocystinuria

Answer 67

recessive inferior lens dislocation retardation thromboses

Question 68

Hypoglossal nerve palsy

Answer 68

Tongue deviates to the side of the lesion

Question 69

Thrombocytopaenia

Answer 69

only low platelets | rash- purpuric

Question 70

Insulinoma

Answer 70

MEN1 or Von-Hippel-Landau

Question 71

Irritable bladder

Answer 71

detrusor overactivity | MS/PD/DM/CVA/Dementia

Question 72

Iscahemic colitis

Answer 72

red/maroon blood in stool urgency diarrhoea

Question 73

Kallman's syndrome

Answer 73

hypothalmic hypogonadotrophins with anosmia SN deafness, cleft palate cryptorchidism

Question 74

Kernig's sign

Answer 74

Flex hip at 90 deg then extend knee Irritated meninges (SAH or meningitis)

Question 75

Kleinfelter's

Answer 75

``` XXY (boy) Infertile Ladylike LANKY Learning disabilities truncal obesity and gynacomastia ```

Question 76

Langerhan's cell histiocytosis

Answer 76

abnormal proliferation of histiocytes MACROphages, MONOcytes, DENDRITIC cells cancer like and responds to chemo bony lesions

Question 77

Left ventricular aneurysm

Answer 77

4-6 weeks after MI

Question 78

Lhermitte's sign

Answer 78

MS

Question 79

Lingual nerve

Answer 79

CNV3 sensation anterior 2/3 tongue usually damaged during molar tooth surgery decreased taste, numbness

Question 80

Loiasis

Answer 80

likes subcutaneous fat

Question 81

Loss of accomodation reflex

Answer 81

CN2/3 | Holmes-Aide

Question 82

TB lymphnodes

Answer 82

Scrofula painless May become infected or adhere to skin and rupture Forms a sinus.

Question 83

Median nerve

Answer 83

``` C6-T1 Flex forearm Thenar muscles Lateral 2 fingers Palm sensation ```

Question 84

Milroy's disease

Answer 84

``` Congenital lymphadenopathy legs upslanting toes wart-like growth prominent leg veins ```

Question 85

Myotonic dystrophy

Answer 85

``` AD chlorine channels sudden hand/foot drop facial weakness and muscle wasting long, haggard face. male baldness testes atrophy MD1: Steinerts MD2: proximal myotonic myopathy. ```

Question 86

NSAIDS side-effects

Answer 86

``` GI bleed N+V Nephrotoxicity Fluid retention MI risk Drug reactions Premature closure of ductus arteriosus ```

Question 87

Obstructive resp disease

Answer 87

Low FEV1 COPD Asthma Bronchiectasis

Question 88

Quadrantinopia

Answer 88

temporal lobe

Question 89

Homonymous hemianopia

Answer 89

radiation

Question 90

Scotoma

Answer 90

occipital lobe

Question 91

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 91

``` Thin sclera Slender tendons Arcus corneal Heart valves Tooth erosions Hypermobile Bad hearing ```

Question 92

Paget's disease of the bone

Answer 92

``` enlarged, misshapen bones XS remodelling Usually only 1 or a few bones Raised ALP wierd X-rays Fractures ```

Question 93

Paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 93

osteoarthropathy acanthosis nigracans SIADH

Question 94

Parathyroid carcinoma

Answer 94

MEN1

Question 95

Pellagra

Answer 95

Niacin deficiency Diarrhoea Dementia Dermatitis Gauntlet Casai's neck Stomatitis, glossitis, red-skin, alopecia, oedema

Question 96

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer 96

80% duodenal | worse before meal, relieved by drinking milk.

Question 97

Beck's triad

Answer 97

Raised JVP Muffled heart sounds hypotension

Question 98

Pernicious anaemia

Answer 98

``` B12 needs IF for terminal ileum anaemia peripheral neuropathy dementia Rx: hydroxycobalamin ```

Question 99

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Answer 99

``` motor and sensory foot drop curled hammer toe high arc peroneal muscular atrophy ```

Question 100

Peroneal nerve injury

Answer 100

foot drop | MND, CMT, surgery

Question 101

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

Answer 101

xs growth of normal tissue lip/palms/soles freckling GI polyps bleeds and malignancy

Question 102

Phaeochromocytoma

Answer 102

adrenaline (medulla) 90% benign episodic hypertension, sweating and palpitations.

Question 103

CAP organisms

Answer 103

s. pneumoniae h. influenzae c. pneumoniae

Question 104

POLIO

Answer 104

viurs grey matter inflammation 90% no symptoms paralytic disease

Question 105

Spinal polio

Answer 105

anterior horn cells destroys motor ganglia lower motor neuron symptoms

Question 106

Porphyria

Answer 106

``` errors in harm synthesis acute neurovisceral crises photosensitive hyperpigmentation hair blisters ```

Question 107

Kartageners

Answer 107

situs inversus sinusitis bronchiectasis

Question 108

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Answer 108

CT disease progressive calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibres cutaneous lesions of neck first sign

Question 109

Pulmonary atresia

Answer 109

Valve not open Duct dependent Mottled CXR

Question 110

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 110

``` Idiopathic Asbestosis CT disease Wegeners Radiotherapy Amiodarone, Methotrexate, Nitrofurantoin Pigeons Mushrooms Hot tub ```

Question 111

Radial nerve

Answer 111

wrist drop

Question 112

Relative afferent pupillary defect

Answer 112

optic neuritis | MS

Question 113

Restrictive lungs

Answer 113

Fibrosis | Kyphosis

Question 114

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 114

``` inherited retinal dystrophy get blinder and blinder night blindness tunnel vision aversion to glare can't swap between light and dark ```

Question 115

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 115

CT cancer head, neck, genitals (muscle free skin) under 5s.

Question 116

Rheumatic fever

Answer 116

``` Jones' criteria Pancardidits Polyarthritis Sydenham Nodules Erythema marginatum. ```

Question 117

Ricket's

Answer 117

Waddling gait Boney necklace Big joints

Question 118

Acute sarcoid

Answer 118

erythema nodosum and polyarthralgia

Question 119

Lofgren's diease

Answer 119

hilar lymphadenopathy erythema nodosum joint symptoms fever

Question 120

Sarcoma

Answer 120

``` mesencymal tumours osteosarcoma chondrosarcoma (cartilage) liposarcoma (fat) leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle) Kaposi sarcoma--> black dots ```

Question 121

Spongiform encephalopathy

Answer 121

Prion disease bovine- mad cow disease Creutzfeld-Jakob- progressive ataxia, myoclonus

Question 122

Middle cerebral artery

Answer 122

can cause homonymous hemianopia | visuo-spatial changes

Question 123

Sturge-Weber

Answer 123

``` pANCA Facial port-wine stain vascular eye leptomeningeal angioma on same side glaucoma--> seizures--> bad IQ ```

Question 124

Subacute combined degeneration

Answer 124

vit B12 déficience posterior column degeneartion mid thorax tingling, ataxia, rhomberg, vibration

Question 125

Subclavian steal syndrome

Answer 125

stenosis TIS symptoms reverse flow of blood up ipsilateral vertebral

Question 126

Subphrenic abscess

Answer 126

after surgery usually.

Question 127

syringomyelia

Answer 127

cyst CERVICAL spine core compression acute rupture

Question 128

T4/T5 compression

Answer 128

arm pain, numbness, tingling

Question 129

Tabes dorsalis

Answer 129

``` due to syphilis myleopathy anterior column degeneration weakness reflexes loss of co-ordination ```

Question 130

Tinel's sign

Answer 130

carpal tunnel tapping over median

Question 131

Tinea unguiun

Answer 131

onychomycosis | fungus

Question 132

total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Answer 132

All 4 veins drain into systemic vein or right atrium blue baby duct dependent

Question 133

ABCDE2 score

Answer 133

``` Age BP Clinical Duration Diabetes ``` TIA risk

Question 134

transverse myelitis

Answer 134

inflammation across both sides of spinal cord sudden onset rapid progression

Question 135

Trendelenberg's sign

Answer 135

Proximal muscle weakness Hip dysfunction tilt to OTHER side of weakness.

Question 136

Mandibular lesion

Answer 136

Sensation to V3 | Muscles of mastication

Question 137

Trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 137

``` painful lasts seconds many attacks a day electric shocks cold, eating, touch exacerbate ```

Question 138

Trypanosomiasis

Answer 138

Sleeping sickness | Tsetse fly

Question 139

Von Hippel Landau

Answer 139

mutation Tumour-suppresor 1. Bilateral renal cell cancer 2. Retina and cerebella haemangioblastoma 3. Phaeochromocytoma

Question 140

Wernickes

Answer 140

2/3 step commands

Question 141

Wilsons

Answer 141

AR Cu in liver and CNS Hepatomegaly, ascites, resting tremor, Keiser Fleischer, Azure lunulae (blue nails)

Question 142

Yellow nail syndrome

Answer 142

Chronic respiratory depression Yellow nails Lymphoedema