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BCDE Finals > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Acitretin

A

Oral reinoid
Pustular + Erythrodermic psoriasis
Causes dryness, redness, photosensisitivty, teratogenic.

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2
Q

Adapalene cream

A

Topical retinoid
Mild/moderate acne
Bleaching in melasma
Causes worsening eczema, dryness, redness, burning, peeling.

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3
Q

Aqueous cream

A

Emollient.
Eczema and atopic dermatitis.
Can use during radiotherapy.

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4
Q

Benzol peroxidase

A

Works on the 4 things of acne.
Mild acne.
2.5%, 5%, 10% available.
Safe in pregnancy.

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5
Q

Betamethasone

A 
Potent topical steroid.
Inflammatory disease.
Eczema.
Comes in lotion, ointment, shampoo, plasters.
Side effects (steroid).
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6
Q

Cetraben cream

A

Emollient
White, soft.
Paraffin + Liquid/Water

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7
Q

Clindamycin (topical)

A

Lincosamide
Acne Vulgaris
Acne Rosacea

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8
Q

Duacgel

A

Clindamycin and benzoylperoxidase.

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9
Q

Diclofenac gel

A

Actinic keratoses
Twice a day for 12 weeks.
Worsens before it gets better.
SE: stinging, irritant/allergic/phototoxic dermatitis.

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10
Q

Diprobase cream

A

Cream emollient.

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11
Q

Epaderm ointment

A

Thick emollient.

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12
Q

Erythromycin (oral)

A

ACNE

bacteriosidal.

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13
Q

Erythromycin (topical)

A

ACNE

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14
Q

Hydrocortisone (oral)

A

SEVERE/UNRESPONSIVE dermatoses

e.g. erythroderma

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15
Q

Isotretinoin

A 
Roaccutane.
Dries out skin, anti-inflammatory. 
Dose weight-dependent.
CI: warfarin, tetracyclines.
SE: dry skin/mouth, sunburn, teratogenic, mood changes.
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16
Q

Lymecycline (oral)

A

Broad spectrum tetracycline

ACNE

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17
Q

Neomycin (topical)

A

Aminoglycoside
Topical cream, ointments.
Eye preparations.
Ear drops.

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18
Q

Nodular BCC

A

Face
Rolled edges.
Skin coloured/pink
Blood vessels

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19
Q

Rodent ulcer

A

Open nodular BCC.

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20
Q

Superficial BCC

A

Trunk and shoulders
Pink/red scaly.
Irregular plaques.
Bleed and ulcerate easily.

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21
Q

Pigmented BCC

A

Brown, blue, greyish.

Resemble melanoma.

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22
Q

Basal cell naevus syndrome

A

Inherited.
Multiple, early onset BCCs.
+ broad forehead + rib anomalies + calcified falx cerebri.

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23
Q

Junctional naevus

A

Flat and dark brown

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24
Q

Compound naevus

A

Central raised area

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25
Q

Intradermal naevus

A

Elevated and flesh coloured.

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26
Q

Bowen’s disease

A 
SCC in situ.
Atypical keratinocytes but not invasive.
Pink scaly plaques up to several cms
Lower leg and trunk.
Can look like discoid eczema/psoriasis/superficial BCC.
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27
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Malignant.
Sun-damaged skin.
mid 50s.
men more than women.

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28
Q

Campbell de Morgan

A

Cherry angioma.
red/blue/purple
May become thrombosed and fall off.

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29
Q

Chrondrodermatitis nodularis

A

Painful inflammatory lump on helix.
Tiny central core- scaly discharge.
Pressure between ear and pillow.

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30
Q

Congenital naevus types

A

Cafe-au-lait
Speckled lentiginous naevus
Satellite lesions.
Others…

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31
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

Dad’s ankle- non cancerous growth of dendritic histiocyte cells on the legs and arms.
Dimple when squeezed.
Yellow/brown/pink/dark.

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32
Q

Epidermoid cyst

A

Keratin filled.
Can smell cheesy.
Face and upper trunk.

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33
Q

Halo naevus

A

White ring.
Children and young adults.
Autoimmune destruction of a single mole- unknown aetiology.

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34
Q

Keratocanthoma

A

Hair follices cells- after minor trauma.
Sun-damaged skin
Can look like SSC.
VOLCANO

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35
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Superficial/nodular- BAD
Lentigo maligna- Face, scalp, neck
Acral lentiginous- Soles of feet, palms, nailbed.

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36
Q

Myxoid cyst

A

(really a pseudocyst)
Connective tissue degeneration.
Last segment of finger.

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37
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum

A

Shiny red mass

Raspberry-like

38
Q

Solar keratoses

A

UV damage
Pre-cancerous–> SSC in 15%
Scaly, skin coloured/red
Back of hand/face- nose/cheek/lip/temple

39
Q

Seborrhoeic keratosis

A

Aetiology unknown.
Degenerative with age.
Not generally caused by sun-exposure.

40
Q

Viral warts

A

HPV

41
Q

Acne rosacea

A 
Chronic flushing
Preceipitated by alcohol/spicy food.
Telangiectasia, papules, pustules. 
Rhinophyma, blepharitis
Avoid the sun. 
Rx/ Topical azelaic acid + metronidazole.
42
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

Papules/pustules
nodules/pseudocytsts
Rx/ topical retinoid, benzoylperoxidase
Clindamycin/deoxycycline/isotretinoin.

43
Q

Atopic eczema

A

Vesicular exudative eczema in infants faces

IgE

44
Q

Bullous impetigo

A

Specific clear blisters with impetigo

45
Q

Allergic contact dermatitits

A

IS NOT irritant contact dermatitits

46
Q

Hand dermatitits

A

is usually irritant

47
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A 
Coeliac disease
Immunobullous
Men more.
Scalp, buttocks, elbows, knees
VERY ITCHY
Avoid gluten
48
Q

Dermatomyositis

A 
Acquired.
Inflammation of voluntary muscles.
Purple heliotrope rash
Gottren papules (red knuckles)
Blood vessels in nail folds
Scaly scalp and thinned hair.
49
Q

Discoid eczema

A

Particularly lower leg.
Round/oval
1 or many
Pink/red

50
Q

DLE

A

Chronic photo-sensitivity skin eruptions.
Red scaly patches—> post inflammatory
Usually cheeks/nose/ears

51
Q

Erythema ab igne

A

Hot water bottle.

Infrared.

52
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Usually Herpes Simplex.
Target lesions- sharp margin.
Acute and self limiting
20-40 year olds.

53
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

TB, sarcoid, IBD, OCP
Red lumps on shins
Women
Deep, firm, red/blue, 1-5cm.

54
Q

Keratosis pilaris

A

Rough follicular spots

Outer aspect of upper arm

55
Q

Lichen planus

A

Abnormal immune reaction to viral infection.

Wrists, lower back, ankles

56
Q

Pemphigus

A 
autoimmune: IgG auto-antibodies DESMOGLEIN
Skin + mucus membranes
Flaccid Nikolsky positive
NOT itchy.
Plasmapharesis.
57
Q

Phytophotodermatosis

A

Parsnips, citrus fruit, more

Hyperpigmentation of skin + blisters.

58
Q

Pitted keratolysis

A

Non-contagious
Sweaty feet.
Corynebacterium
Crater-like pits in horny layer- weight bearing.

59
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

Viral
Herald patch then smaller ones.
Follows Langer lines.
Lasts 6-12 weeks: no treatment neccesary.

60
Q

Pityriasis versicolor

A 
Malassezia furfur
Wood's lamp
Pale/dark, tan/pink patches
Hot climates
Hypo OR hyper pigmentation
61
Q

Pompholyx eczema

A

Very itchy
Clear vesicles–> scales over later.
Dapsone, Potassium permangenate.

62
Q

Guttate psoriasis

A

All over trunk.
Can be post-strep infection.
Good prognosis- full recovery.

63
Q

Plaque psoriasis

A

Most common
Elbows, knees, umbilicus, lower back.
Scalp
Nail

64
Q

Pustular psoriasis

A

Sterile

Fissures

65
Q

Seborrhoeic eczema

A

Face- side of nose, eyebrows
Blepharitis
Malassezia overgrowth

66
Q

Vitiligo

A

face, neck, eyes, nostrils, nipple, navel
body folds
injuries

67
Q

Poliosis

A

white hair

68
Q

Candidiasis

A

oral, angular, vulvovaginal, balantis, intertrigo, napkin, paronychia, onychomycosis, muco-cutaneous candidiasis

69
Q

Intertrigo

A

candida in skin folds

70
Q

Cellulitis

A

2/3 s. pyogenes

1/3 s. aureus

71
Q

Erysipelas

A

superficial cellulitis

72
Q

Erythrasma

A

Corynebacterium
Skin folds
UV light makes bacteria go coral colour

73
Q

Eczema herpeticum

A

Around lips or other

Swollen lymph glands and fever associated.

74
Q

Fanconi anaemia

A

Pancytopaenia

Susceptible to AML and solid head and neck tumours

75
Q

Gaucher diesease

A

Lysosomal storage disorder

Type 2 causes a Collodian baby

76
Q

Hunter syndrome

A

Lysosomal storage disorder

77
Q

Lyme disease

A 
Bull's eye.
Borreliosis
Erythema migrans- single red patch expanding.
Flu like illness.
Treat with amoxicillin, doxy and pen V.
78
Q

Maffucci syndrome

A

Genetic.
Enchodromas (cartilage tumours- benign).
Multiple cutaneous haemangiomas

79
Q

McCune-Albright Syndrome

A

Genetic.
ANS endocrine hyperfunction.
Polyostotic fibrosis dysplasia
Cafe au lait.

80
Q

Melasma

A

Blotchy, brownish facial pigmentation.

Made worse by: Sun, pregnancy, hormones, hypothyroidism.

81
Q

Chloasma

A

Green skin

82
Q

NF1

A

> 6 cafe au lait.
Multiple fibromas
Freckling
Lisch nodules (iris)

83
Q

Watson syndrome

A 
Same allele as NF1
Freckling.
Lisch nodules,
Pulmonary Stenosis
Macrocephaly
Short stature.
Neurofibromas.
84
Q

NF2

A

Bilateral acoutic neuromas.

Presenting with hearing loss.

85
Q

Noonan syndrome

A

Pulmonary stenosis, ASD, hypertrophic heart.
Short stature.
Impaired clotting
Webbed neck, flat nose.

86
Q

Silver-Russell syndrome

A

Triangle head.
Clinodactyly of 5th finger.
Body asymmetry.
Blue sclera.

87
Q

Sweet syndrome

A

Acute neutrophilic dermatosis
Reaction to an internal condition.
Fever, fatigue, skin lesions, sore eyes/mouths.

88
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A 
harmatomas
Angiofibromas
Ungual fibromas
Shagreen patches
Ash-leaf macules
89
Q

Types of urticaria

A

Acute (IgE)
Physical
Contact
Pharmacological

90
Q

Vasculitis

A

HSP- low back, buttocks, elbows, knees

Acute vasculitis- petechiae and ecchymoses.

91
Q

Venous stasis eczema

A

Gravitational dermatitis.

92
Q

Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome

A

Eczema and thrombocytopaenia (causing PR bleeding) and immune deficiency

BCDE Finals (11 decks)

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