Dermatology Flashcards
Acitretin
Oral reinoid
Pustular + Erythrodermic psoriasis
Causes dryness, redness, photosensisitivty, teratogenic.
Adapalene cream
Topical retinoid
Mild/moderate acne
Bleaching in melasma
Causes worsening eczema, dryness, redness, burning, peeling.
Aqueous cream
Emollient.
Eczema and atopic dermatitis.
Can use during radiotherapy.
Benzol peroxidase
Works on the 4 things of acne.
Mild acne.
2.5%, 5%, 10% available.
Safe in pregnancy.
Betamethasone
Potent topical steroid. Inflammatory disease. Eczema. Comes in lotion, ointment, shampoo, plasters. Side effects (steroid).
Cetraben cream
Emollient
White, soft.
Paraffin + Liquid/Water
Clindamycin (topical)
Lincosamide
Acne Vulgaris
Acne Rosacea
Duacgel
Clindamycin and benzoylperoxidase.
Diclofenac gel
Actinic keratoses
Twice a day for 12 weeks.
Worsens before it gets better.
SE: stinging, irritant/allergic/phototoxic dermatitis.
Diprobase cream
Cream emollient.
Epaderm ointment
Thick emollient.
Erythromycin (oral)
ACNE
bacteriosidal.
Erythromycin (topical)
ACNE
Hydrocortisone (oral)
SEVERE/UNRESPONSIVE dermatoses
e.g. erythroderma
Isotretinoin
Roaccutane. Dries out skin, anti-inflammatory. Dose weight-dependent. CI: warfarin, tetracyclines. SE: dry skin/mouth, sunburn, teratogenic, mood changes.
Lymecycline (oral)
Broad spectrum tetracycline
ACNE
Neomycin (topical)
Aminoglycoside
Topical cream, ointments.
Eye preparations.
Ear drops.
Nodular BCC
Face
Rolled edges.
Skin coloured/pink
Blood vessels
Rodent ulcer
Open nodular BCC.
Superficial BCC
Trunk and shoulders
Pink/red scaly.
Irregular plaques.
Bleed and ulcerate easily.
Pigmented BCC
Brown, blue, greyish.
Resemble melanoma.
Basal cell naevus syndrome
Inherited.
Multiple, early onset BCCs.
+ broad forehead + rib anomalies + calcified falx cerebri.
Junctional naevus
Flat and dark brown
Compound naevus
Central raised area
Intradermal naevus
Elevated and flesh coloured.
Bowen’s disease
SCC in situ. Atypical keratinocytes but not invasive. Pink scaly plaques up to several cms Lower leg and trunk. Can look like discoid eczema/psoriasis/superficial BCC.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant.
Sun-damaged skin.
mid 50s.
men more than women.
Campbell de Morgan
Cherry angioma.
red/blue/purple
May become thrombosed and fall off.
Chrondrodermatitis nodularis
Painful inflammatory lump on helix.
Tiny central core- scaly discharge.
Pressure between ear and pillow.
Congenital naevus types
Cafe-au-lait
Speckled lentiginous naevus
Satellite lesions.
Others…
Dermatofibroma
Dad’s ankle- non cancerous growth of dendritic histiocyte cells on the legs and arms.
Dimple when squeezed.
Yellow/brown/pink/dark.
Epidermoid cyst
Keratin filled.
Can smell cheesy.
Face and upper trunk.
Halo naevus
White ring.
Children and young adults.
Autoimmune destruction of a single mole- unknown aetiology.
Keratocanthoma
Hair follices cells- after minor trauma.
Sun-damaged skin
Can look like SSC.
VOLCANO
Malignant melanoma
Superficial/nodular- BAD
Lentigo maligna- Face, scalp, neck
Acral lentiginous- Soles of feet, palms, nailbed.
Myxoid cyst
(really a pseudocyst)
Connective tissue degeneration.
Last segment of finger.
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Shiny red mass
Raspberry-like
Solar keratoses
UV damage
Pre-cancerous–> SSC in 15%
Scaly, skin coloured/red
Back of hand/face- nose/cheek/lip/temple
Seborrhoeic keratosis
Aetiology unknown.
Degenerative with age.
Not generally caused by sun-exposure.
Viral warts
HPV
Acne rosacea
Chronic flushing Preceipitated by alcohol/spicy food. Telangiectasia, papules, pustules. Rhinophyma, blepharitis Avoid the sun. Rx/ Topical azelaic acid + metronidazole.
Acne vulgaris
Papules/pustules
nodules/pseudocytsts
Rx/ topical retinoid, benzoylperoxidase
Clindamycin/deoxycycline/isotretinoin.
Atopic eczema
Vesicular exudative eczema in infants faces
IgE
Bullous impetigo
Specific clear blisters with impetigo
Allergic contact dermatitits
IS NOT irritant contact dermatitits
Hand dermatitits
is usually irritant
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Coeliac disease Immunobullous Men more. Scalp, buttocks, elbows, knees VERY ITCHY Avoid gluten
Dermatomyositis
Acquired. Inflammation of voluntary muscles. Purple heliotrope rash Gottren papules (red knuckles) Blood vessels in nail folds Scaly scalp and thinned hair.
Discoid eczema
Particularly lower leg.
Round/oval
1 or many
Pink/red
DLE
Chronic photo-sensitivity skin eruptions.
Red scaly patches—> post inflammatory
Usually cheeks/nose/ears
Erythema ab igne
Hot water bottle.
Infrared.
Erythema multiforme
Usually Herpes Simplex.
Target lesions- sharp margin.
Acute and self limiting
20-40 year olds.
Erythema nodosum
TB, sarcoid, IBD, OCP
Red lumps on shins
Women
Deep, firm, red/blue, 1-5cm.
Keratosis pilaris
Rough follicular spots
Outer aspect of upper arm
Lichen planus
Abnormal immune reaction to viral infection.
Wrists, lower back, ankles
Pemphigus
autoimmune: IgG auto-antibodies DESMOGLEIN Skin + mucus membranes Flaccid Nikolsky positive NOT itchy. Plasmapharesis.
Phytophotodermatosis
Parsnips, citrus fruit, more
Hyperpigmentation of skin + blisters.
Pitted keratolysis
Non-contagious
Sweaty feet.
Corynebacterium
Crater-like pits in horny layer- weight bearing.
Pityriasis rosea
Viral
Herald patch then smaller ones.
Follows Langer lines.
Lasts 6-12 weeks: no treatment neccesary.
Pityriasis versicolor
Malassezia furfur Wood's lamp Pale/dark, tan/pink patches Hot climates Hypo OR hyper pigmentation
Pompholyx eczema
Very itchy
Clear vesicles–> scales over later.
Dapsone, Potassium permangenate.
Guttate psoriasis
All over trunk.
Can be post-strep infection.
Good prognosis- full recovery.
Plaque psoriasis
Most common
Elbows, knees, umbilicus, lower back.
Scalp
Nail
Pustular psoriasis
Sterile
Fissures
Seborrhoeic eczema
Face- side of nose, eyebrows
Blepharitis
Malassezia overgrowth
Vitiligo
face, neck, eyes, nostrils, nipple, navel
body folds
injuries
Poliosis
white hair
Candidiasis
oral, angular, vulvovaginal, balantis, intertrigo, napkin, paronychia, onychomycosis, muco-cutaneous candidiasis
Intertrigo
candida in skin folds
Cellulitis
2/3 s. pyogenes
1/3 s. aureus
Erysipelas
superficial cellulitis
Erythrasma
Corynebacterium
Skin folds
UV light makes bacteria go coral colour
Eczema herpeticum
Around lips or other
Swollen lymph glands and fever associated.
Fanconi anaemia
Pancytopaenia
Susceptible to AML and solid head and neck tumours
Gaucher diesease
Lysosomal storage disorder
Type 2 causes a Collodian baby
Hunter syndrome
Lysosomal storage disorder
Lyme disease
Bull's eye. Borreliosis Erythema migrans- single red patch expanding. Flu like illness. Treat with amoxicillin, doxy and pen V.
Maffucci syndrome
Genetic.
Enchodromas (cartilage tumours- benign).
Multiple cutaneous haemangiomas
McCune-Albright Syndrome
Genetic.
ANS endocrine hyperfunction.
Polyostotic fibrosis dysplasia
Cafe au lait.
Melasma
Blotchy, brownish facial pigmentation.
Made worse by: Sun, pregnancy, hormones, hypothyroidism.
Chloasma
Green skin
NF1
> 6 cafe au lait.
Multiple fibromas
Freckling
Lisch nodules (iris)
Watson syndrome
Same allele as NF1 Freckling. Lisch nodules, Pulmonary Stenosis Macrocephaly Short stature. Neurofibromas.
NF2
Bilateral acoutic neuromas.
Presenting with hearing loss.
Noonan syndrome
Pulmonary stenosis, ASD, hypertrophic heart.
Short stature.
Impaired clotting
Webbed neck, flat nose.
Silver-Russell syndrome
Triangle head.
Clinodactyly of 5th finger.
Body asymmetry.
Blue sclera.
Sweet syndrome
Acute neutrophilic dermatosis
Reaction to an internal condition.
Fever, fatigue, skin lesions, sore eyes/mouths.
Tuberous sclerosis
harmatomas Angiofibromas Ungual fibromas Shagreen patches Ash-leaf macules
Types of urticaria
Acute (IgE)
Physical
Contact
Pharmacological
Vasculitis
HSP- low back, buttocks, elbows, knees
Acute vasculitis- petechiae and ecchymoses.
Venous stasis eczema
Gravitational dermatitis.
Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome
Eczema and thrombocytopaenia (causing PR bleeding) and immune deficiency
