Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BCDE Finals > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Shistocytes

A

intravascular haemolysis
COLD- AIHA
DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reed-Sternberg

A

multinucleated
CD30 and CD15 positive
Hodgkin Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tear drop

A

extramedullary erythropoeisis or marrow failure

myelofibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

infectious mononucleosis

CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Asbestos bodies

A

lung biopsy
dumbbell shaped
encasement of fibres by iron material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Target cells

A 
dark centre with a white ring around
liver disease
thalassaemia
post-splenectomy
iron deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acanthocytes

A

spiky RBS- unstable membranes
hypothyroidism
alcoholic liver
splenectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heinz bodies

A

RBC with denatured haemoglobin inside- tiny red blobs

Haemolytic anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Howell-Jolly Body

A 
basophil spot in RBC
asplenia
sickle cell
severe heamolytic anaemia
hereditary spherocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myeloid hyperplasia

A

Infection

Chronic blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rouleaux

A

Multiple myeloma

Stacking together causes a raised ESR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lymphocytic

A

lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myeloid

A

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ALL

A 
80% of kiddies
CNS involvement
lymphadenopathy
hepato/splenomegaly
pancytopaenia
ACUTE LYMPHOCYTE BLASTS
Ix: lumbar puncture, bone marrow
Treatment VADS- 80% cure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

AML

A 
adults
increased risk with age
ACUTE NEUTROPHIL BLASTS
Ix: blasts in blood, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetics
Rx: CAD 4x for 4-6 weeks.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CLL

A 
Commonest leukaemia
CHRONIC MATURE LYMPHOCYTES
B cells
Men
Lymphadenopathy and big spleen/liver
Rx: Chlorambucil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CML

A

CHRONIC MATURE NEUTROPHILS
75% have a massive spleen
Anaemia
Rx: IMATINIB (glivec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T (9:22) Philadelphia

A

increased TK activity
Found in blood/bone marrow cytogenetics
Good sign in CML
Bad sign in ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hodgkin

A

Alcohol makes otherwise non-tender nodes bad
reed sternberg to diagnose
ann-arbor staging
Rx: RCHOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Non-Hodgkin

A

No Reed Sternberg
Systemic symptoms
auto immune/ infectious associations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Leucophoresis

A

used when very high WCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chlorambucil

A

CLL
non-hodgkin
hodgkin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rituximab

A

CD20 on B cell antibody
R of RCHOP
Multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Allogenic stem cell transplant
human donor matched | high dose chemo first
26
Radiotherapy works for
lymphoma NOT leukaemia
27
Intrathecal chemotheray
CNS leukaemia/lymphoma | methotrexate
28
Thalidomide
multiple myeloma
29
Complications of chemo
Agranulocytosis Fungal chest infection Fungal infection CMV infection
30
Beta thalassaemia major
before 1 years old both beta globin genes anaemia extra-medullary haemopoeisis
31
treatment for thalassaemia
``` transfusions desferioxamine (iron chelation) folic acid splenectomy bone marrow transplant ```
32
circulatory overload
too much iron | need desferrioxamine
33
megaloblastic
B12 and Folate
34
non-megaloblastic macrocytic
``` alcohol pregnancy hypothyroidism reticulocytosis cytotoxics ```
35
Blind loop syndrome
deficiencies of fat, B12, Iron | caused by surgery, IBD, scleroderma, diverticulosis
36
Types of haemolytic anaeamia
``` Bad membrane- spherocytosis Bad Hb production- thalassaemia, sickle Bad metabolism- G6PD Autoimmune- Hot and Cold Malaria ```
37
Sickle cell anaemia
dactylitis heamolytic anaemia vaso-occlusive crisis aplastic crisis (parvo B19)
38
Dactylitis
before 4 years Sickle self-limiting
39
HbA2
normal variant | increased in sickle cell and beta thalassaemia
40
Direct coombs test
detects Abs on RBCs | autoimmune haemolysis
41
Indirect coombs
looks for Abs in the serum | checks for transfusion compatability
42
warm AIHA
lymphoma CLL SLE
43
cold AIHA
lymphoma mycoplasma EBV Intravascular
44
Acquired aplastic anaemia
EBV, HIV Pregnancy Sickle cell crisis Toxins
45
Congenital aplastic anaemia
Fanconi | Diamond-Black
46
Crohns
terminal ileum | Fe Fo Fu (B12)
47
Anti-cardiolipin Ab
antiphospholipid | SLE
48
ANA
SLE Sjogrens Scleroderma
49
Antithrombin 3 deficiency
severe clotting as infant (AD gene)
50
Autoimmune thrombocytopaenia
Easy bruising and petechial rash | Transfusions uselss because they eat them all up.
51
Factor V Leiden
clotting recurrent miscarriages No treatment don't use the OCP
52
Haemophilia A
X linked Factor 8 deficiency Increased APPT INTRINSIC
53
Haemophilia B
Factor 9 | give factor 9
54
Von Willebrand's disease
vWF usually binds to F8 and mediates platelet-collagen adhesion Can't do this--> Can't clot--> will bleed Rx: Desmopressin, transexamic acid, vWF and F8
55
Multiple myeloma
``` lower back pain bruising bence-jones proteins in urine rouleaux osteolytic bone lesions plasma cell infiltration of bone marrow ```
56
Leukoerythroblastic changes
BM infiltration | due to Myeloma, myelofibrosis, extramedullary haemopoeisis
57
Monoclonal paraprotein
Abnormal Ig fragment/light chain | BJP in urine
58
PRV
``` erythroid hyperplasia 30% will get myelofibrosis Jak 2 mutation in over 90% Ruddy complexion Pruritis 75% have splenomegaly EVERYTHING blood related in raised Low EPO ```
59
Treatment for PRV
Repeated venesections PCV<0.45 | Hydroxyurea (stops thrombosis)
60
Radioactive phosphorus
PRV
61
Essential thrombocythaeamia
Jak 2 Platelets increased Livido reticularis Thrombosis and ischaemic necrosis
62
Myelofibrosis
Extramedullary haemapoeies | Need a splenectomy
63
Jak 2 mutation
90% PRV | 50% ET
64
Osmotic fragility test
Herditary spherocytosis
65
Paul Bunnel test
EBV | sheep RBC
66
Reticulocytes
immature RBCS
67
Ferritin
Raised: infection, haemachromatosis, alcoholic liver, transfusions Low in: hypothyroid, vit C deficiency, coeliac disease
68
Serum haptoglobins
Haemolytic anaemia test Protein that binds free Hb Normal: extravascular Low: intravascular
69
Urinary haemosiderin
chronic intravascular haemolysis
70
Serum EPO
CKD | RCC
71
FFP
-30 degrees clotting factor Liver disease, DIV, Vit K deficiency
72
Octaplex
F2 F7 F9 F10 pC pS reverses warfarin from FFP
73
Graft vs. Host
4-30 days DONOR against recipient pain, nausea, vomiting, skin changes, lichen planus
74
Treatment for GVHD
Cyclosporin A | bone marrow transplant GVHD
75
Sulphonamides can cause
neutropaenia haemolytic anaemia thrombocytopaenia
76
Carboxyhaemoglobin
binds O2 preferentially | SMOKERS
77
Hand, Foot and Mouth
ITP
78
Sarcoid and blood
LOW lymphocytes, WCC, Hb, platelets
79
Retinoic acid for:
Anaemia Thrombocytopaenia Thrombocytosis
80
Serum tryptase
anaphylaxis
81
Reynaud's phenomenon
Cold AIHA | Vasculitides
82
Dupuytren's contracture
myofibroblastic proliferation
83
Erythema multiforme
``` Infection Drugs NHL Leukaemia Multiple myeloma PRV ```
84
Erythrodermic psoriasis
lymphoma and leukaemia
85
Pseudofractures
Thickening around incomplete fracture | might look a bit like myeloma.

BCDE Finals (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions