Medical Care Flashcards
What are the 3 blood pressure rates?
Radial - 80-90mmHg
Femoral - 70-80mmHg
Carotid - 60-70mmHg
What are the 4 stages of shock?
Stage 1 - 0-15%
Stage 2 - 15-30%
Stage 3 - 30-40%
Stage 4 - 40% and above
What does ribs stand for?
Rate
Injuries
Back
Sides
What are the regions of the spine.
The cervical vertebrae - 7 The thoracic vertebrae - 12 The lumbar vertebrae - 5 Sacrum - 5 Coccyx - 4
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
8/12/5/5/1
What are the 3 types of pain relief?
Physical
Psychological
Pharmaceutical
What are the symptoms of mild asthma?
Talking Raised resp rate And bradycardia Medical Hx PEFR >50%
What are the symptoms of severe asthma?
Can't complete sentences RR >25 And bradycardia Wheezing Low PEFR <50%
What are the symptoms of life threatening asthma?
Silent chest Cyanosis Restless Unconscious Bradycardia
What are the 3 stages of airway obstructions?
Immediate
Delayed
Insidious
What are the two pharynx?
Naso-pharynx
Oro-pharynx
Where is the Naso-pharynx?
Cavity behind the nose at the back of the throat
Where is the oro-pharynx?
Behind the mouth at the back of the throat.
How many lobes does the left and right lungs have?
Left lobe has 2
Right lobe has 3
What is the pleura?
Lines chest cavity
Consists of two layers
Serous fluid prevents fluid
What are the breathing rates for adult, child and infant?
Adult - 10-20
Child - 24
Infant - 40-60
When would you do assisted ventilation and risenfall?
RR20 - risenfall
RR>30 - risenfall and ass vent
What is it called when the chest isn’t symmetrical?
Paradoxical movement.
What is the definition of Repiratory Arrest?.
Cessation of breathing
What causes respiratory arrest?
Airway obstruction
Damage, depression to Repiratory centre due to a head injury, drugs or stroke.
Cardiac arrest
Trauma, severe haemorrhage or tension pneumothorax
What are the signs and symptoms of respiratory arrest?
MOI Collapse Unconscious Cyanosis No respiratory effort Unable to hear breathing 10 sec check, 60 secs if hypothermic
What are the O2 percentages when using a BVM?
BVM only - 21% O2
BVM, O2 high flow - 40% O2
BVM,O2 high flow with reservoir attached - >90% O2
Name 7 chest injuries.
Blast Lung Airway obstruction Tension pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Massive haemothorax Flail segment Cardiac tamponade
What are the two causes of a blast lung?
Implosion - lung forcibly emptied of air then rapidly re-expand
Shearing - movement of organ/tissue at fixed points
Name 2 pressure points.
Femoral
Brachial
What denotes a massive haemothorax?
More than 500ml of blood
What are 5 recognitions of massive haemothorax?.
Tachypnoea Moi Dyspnoea Reduced chest movement Hypo resonance Cyanosis Reduced breath sounds.
What is the definition of flail segment?.
The breaking of two or more ribs in two or more adjacent places.
What are the 5 chest injury management procedures?
Examine Check back High flow O2 Chest seal Dress minor wounds
What is the definition of asthma?
Recurrent sudden attack of difficulty breathing characterised by wheezing and difficulty in expiration.
What are the 3 groups of asthma?
Mild
Severe
Life threatening
What is the treatment for asthma?
Peak flow meter reading prior and after treatment
Oxygen
Salbutamol via oxygen driven nebuliser
What are the 5 types of drowning.
Near drowning Dry drowning Fresh water drowning Salt water drowning Secondary drowning
What are the complications of drowning?
Hypothermia
Alcohol
Mammalian diving reflex
Prolonged immersion
What is the definition of anaphylaxis?.
An acute allergic reaction which can affect the whole body and can be fatal.
What causes anaphylaxis?
Blood transfusions Drugs Foods Insect bites & stings Snake venom
What is the drug used for anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine 1:1000 IM
