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KT 1.4 > Medical act 1.4 > Flashcards

Medical act 1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

with positive ottawa ankle rule, what do you do?

A

send patient for Xray examination

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2
Q

does Ottawa ankle rule have high specificity or sensitivity?

A

specificity: rule in

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3
Q

name criteria for OAR

A

ankle: pain in 6cm above malleolus, 6cm above lateral malleolus,inability to weightbear

foot xray: pain in metatarsal 5th, navicular, inability to weightbear

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4
Q

name types of traumas

A

contusion, wound, sprain, strain, rupture, fracture

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5
Q

name 7 fracture classifications

A

transverse; linear; nondisplaced; displaced; spiral; greenstick comminuted

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6
Q

name a long term complication of a fracture

A

necrosis: cell death

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7
Q

name generic red flags

A

recent trauma; prolonged fever, weight loss, long term use of corticosteroids, constant pain, cancer, feeling unwell, noctural pain, severe neurological signs (eg radiating pain)

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8
Q

functions of meniscus

A

shares and distributes load over bigger surface; shock absorption; stress reduction, increases joint surface

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9
Q

loss of meniscus can lead to what - regarding the amount of force on the cartilage/joint?

A

largely increased (20% loss meniscus - increase of 350% in contact force); lower shock absorption

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10
Q

function of intervertebral disc?

A

allows spinal motion, stability, links vertebral bodies, shock absorption

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11
Q

by what mechanism are the vertebras stabilized? how do they stay mobile and are able to absorb shock?

A

compression of the intervertebral discs (from above and below)

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12
Q

if menisci have no pain fibers, why do we feel pain during meniscal tear?

A

due to surrounding tissues

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13
Q

name the 3 different meniscal tear types

A

longitudinal (vertical/bucket handle tear); radial (parrot beak tear); horizontal (flap tear)

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14
Q

what is the main complication after meniscal tear and meniscectomy?

A

higher risk for osteoarthritis ( acceleration of degeneration) / articular cartilage injuries

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15
Q

what are some important signs and symptoms of discopathy?

A

pain (bilateral more common); nerve root compression (if disc is building and compressing a spinal root, causing eg burning pain) ; muscle weakness, loss of sensation and reflexes

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16
Q

signs and symptoms of a hamstring injury

A

pain/tenderness, swelling, hematoma (localized bleeding, 24-48hrs), limited ROM, functional loss, palpable defect

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17
Q

hardly pain but total functional loss- what type of rupture is this?

A

full rupture

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18
Q

which cells produce collagen and form scar tissue

A

satellite cells which turn into myoblasts and fibroblasts

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19
Q

recovery of tissue after muscle injury: duration?

A

4-6 weeks (plyometrics only after)

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20
Q

in medical imaging pictures, what is the white area?

A

damage, drops or blood

21
Q

with muscle regeneration, whats the steps to get to formation of new fibers

A

satellite cells activation, proliferation, differentiation, fusion, then formation of new fibers

22
Q

whats fibrosis? and what does it lead to?

A

scar tissue; leads to loss of function

23
Q

cervical facet joint problems: name each vertebrae couple and where the pain is felt

A 
C2/3: posterior skull
C3/4: neck pain
C4/5: trapezius
C5/6: trapezius
C6/7: scapula
24
Q

whats neuropathic pain exactly

A

damage or dysfunction of nervous system

25
Q

what are dermatomes

A

skin areas related to spinal root nerve (eg if pain in legs, lumbar spine nerve might be damaged

26
Q

whats peripheral damage

A

eg pain in elbow displaying pain in hand (different to dermatoma, more related to peripheral nerves)

27
Q

for mild/moderate nociceptive pain, which drug do you use? for severe nociceptive pain, which drug do you use?

A

paracetamol, NSAIDs; severe pain: weak opioids eg tramadol, codeine

28
Q

for neuropathic pain which drug do you use

A

antidepressants, SSRIs, opioids, ketamine

29
Q

with ankle sprains/strains, whats treatment in first 4 weeks

A

2wks paracetamol + advise. if not helping, then NSAIDs

30
Q

which part of human body does tramadol affect the most? and which side effects dies it lead to

A

GI tract; vomiting, constipation

31
Q

after the use of which drug are you not allowed to drive? and why?

A

afte lyrica; because insomnia/dizziness/headaches/confusion is a side effect

32
Q

2 huge side effects of using NSAIDs in endurance sports?

A

GI problems; renal failure

33
Q

the nucleus pulpusos (middle) has the most water and least collagen compared to fibrous annulosus and endplate: true or false?

A

true

34
Q

symptoms of meniscal tear

A

locking swelling pain

35
Q

osteoarthritis is a complication of which injury?

A

meniscal tear of knee

36
Q

in patients with disc related problems, is unilateral or bilateral pain more common?

A

bilateral

37
Q

patients with discopathy avoid what type of activity?

A

static standing/posture. they prefer to walk

38
Q

whats an avulsion fracture

A

lig or tendon completely separated from their bony attachment

39
Q

what happens when theres a forceful impact but its not strong enough to break the bone? + symptoms

A

bone bruising

long lasting pain, swelling, hematoma,

40
Q

when does bone bruising cause intra articular swelling?

A

if its location is near to a joint

41
Q

what does bleeding in a joint do to the joint and its structures?

A

damage the cartilage and the capsule

42
Q

what type of trauma limit ROM and strength and cause instability?

A

sprains and strains

43
Q

describe difference between sprain, partial rupture and full rupture

A

sprain: some tearing of ligamentous fibers (mild pain)
partial rupture: some tearing and seperation of ligamentous fibers
full rupture: total rupture of ligaments

44
Q

what is granulation phase in tear healing

A

when the separated fibers try to reattach, reconnect

45
Q

what structure links a tendon/ligament after a tear (healing process of a tear)?

A

collagen fibers

46
Q

regarding MLPP and CPP, which is the most stable position of the bone and why?

A

CPP close packed position; concave/convex in complete congruence- surfaces touching entirely

47
Q

in which position does talus get stuck in the syndesmosis (ankle joint)?

A

in CPP, dorsiflexion

48
Q

which muscle inserts at 5th metatarsal and at navicular tuberosity

A

fibularis (peroneus) brevis and longus

KT 1.4 (8 decks)

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