Anatomy 1.4 Flashcards
whats the stabilising structure that helps maintain the longitudinal arch in the foot?
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
whats the ATFL
anterior tibiofibular ligament
is deltoid ligament medial or lateral of the foot?
medial
whats the joint between fibula and tibia called
syndesmosis
how many compartments are there in the lower leg? name them
- anterior, lateral, posterior superficial posterior deep
name the 3 different arches in the foot
medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, cross arch
whats is pes cavus foot
high medial longitudinal arch
whats pes planus
flat foot
which structure helps maintain longitudinal arch in the foot
aponeurosis (tendon like structure)
name the fat pad behind achilles tendon
kager’s
name the fat pad in the knee
hoffas’ body
does medial or lateral condyle have bigger surface
medial
where do you find hoffas fat pad?
behind patellar ligament
function of hoffas fat pad?
shock absoprtion, protects knee
which ligament is not connected to the lateral meniscus?
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
which of the ligaments around the knee is more flexible, which more stiff?
flexible: lateral collateral (LCL) and stiff: medial collateral (MCL)
which ligament and side of the knee is most commonly injured
medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus
is MCL connected to the meniscus?
yes
origin and insertion of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
O: lateral femur condyle
I: anterior part of tibial plateau
where does LCL insert
on fibula
is MCL or LML a thick ligament
MCL
which tibial plateau is bigger: medial or lateral
medial
whatsa bursae
a sac like structure
which nerve innervates hamstrings
sciatic nerve
which nerve innervates quadriceps
femoral nerve
what does sciatic nerve split into
common fibular (popliteal) nerve
name internal rotators of the knee
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
name external rotators of the knee
biceps femoris
describe where the cruciate and collateral ligaments are
collateral: on the sides of the meniscus. cruciate: in the tibial plateau
in knee extension, which ligaments are you putting under tension?
collateral and cruciate
which of the meniscus is C-shaped? which -Shaped
O-medial; C: lateral
where is there the most vascularisation in the meniscus
on the outside (red red zone)
if a patient has locking of the knee, what tear injury does he usually have?
bucket handle or flap tear injury
lateral collateral ligament is thin or thick?
thin
what do you palpate for Ottawa ankle rule
malleolus, 5th metatarsal, navicular bone
name the 4 bony landmarks that should be palpated with ottawa fracture rule
distal 6cm tibia/lateral malleolus and base 5th metatarsal (OAR); distal 6cm medial tibia/medial malleolus and navicular bone
name the different joints in the shoulder
GH, AC, and subacromial space between acromion and humeral head
name important landmarks on the humeral head
lesser and greater tubercle; inter-tubercular groove
where do rotator cuff muscles insert?
greater or lesser tubercle
where does the capsule insert in the shoulder?
anatomical neck of humeral head
which muscle tendon runs through intertubercular groove?
biceps brachii long head
name the fosse on the anterior side of the scapula
subscapularis fossa
whats top part of sternum called?
manubrium
whats the labrum in shoulder composed of? + function of labrum
a ring of fibrous cartilage; provides stability
name an important bone which connects the arm-scapula-trunk
clavicle
whats the capsule made up of?
synovial membrane (most outter part), fibrous membrane, tendons, ligaments
function of m.subscapularis
internal rotation
external rotators of the shoulder? and their insertion
teres minor, infraspinatus. I: greater tubercle
biceops brachii muscles: origin?
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; short head: coracoid process
which of the biceps brachii tendons most commonly ruptures?
long head biceps brachii tendon
which bone is known as atlas? which as axis?
C1: atlas; C2: axis
which of the cervical vertebraes (spinous process) can you easily palpate?
C7 (and C2-axis as its the first bone that you can palpate in the cervical spine, below skull)
do cervical vertebraes have articular facets for ribs?
no
the orientation of facet joints of cervical vertebraes allows which movements?
rotations, flexion, ext, lateral bending
which vertebral structure determines the movement the spine can make?
facet joints
describe whats special about atlas (C1) structure wise
no vertebral body, no spinous process, 2 facets which articulate with the skull
where do you not find intervertebral disc? what do you find instead?
between C0-C1 and C1-C2; synovia joint with a capsule and hyaline cartilage
which vertebrae has a long spinous process?
C7
split spinous process: typical for which spine vertebrae?
cervical
where is dens of axis (C2) located: ventrally or dorsally
ventrally (anterior)
where is transverse ligament in the spine?
behind dens of axis (C2)
which ligament runs from C0 to C7? and what is its function?
nucheal ligament; prevents forward head posture
inguinal ligament: origin and insertion?
O: ASIS, I: pubic bone
which ligaments provides stability to SI joint? (3)
anterior sacroiliac lig.; sacrotuberous lig.; sacrospinous lig.
origin and insertion of rectus abdominis
O: pubic symphysis; I: lower ribs 5-7
which muscle is an important stabilisier in the trunk?
transversus abdominis
describe the 3 layers of abdominals
obliqus externus, obliqus internus, transversus abdominis ( and rectus abdominis is most superficial on top)
which structure separates the 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis
linea alba
origin and insertion of quadratus lumborum
O: iliac crest
I: transverse process of L1-5 and 12th rib
at what point is m psoas major and m.iliacus considered m.iliopsoas?
once they pass the inguinal ligament and share a tendon, inserting at lesser trochanter
which is the deepest muscle of the back?
quadratus lumborum
which core muscle is the deepest?
transversus abdominis
which structure connects/links abdominal muscles to back muscles?
anterior thoracolumbar fascia
which structures can you find below inguinal ligament?
iliopsoas tendon, femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein
explain the lateral side of inguinal region: lacuna musculorum
which ‘‘lacuna .. ‘’ is located most lateral?
lacuna musculorum
which ‘‘lacuna .. ‘’ is most medial of inguinal ligament?
lacuna vasorum (femoral artery, femoral vein, m. pectineus)
whats the inguinal triangle (hesselbachs triangle)
medial border: lateral margin of rectus abdominis muscle
superolateral border: inferior epigastric vessels
inferior border: inguinal ligament
whats the femoral triangle
triangle composed of
superior: inguinal ligament
medial: m adductor longus
lateral: m sartorius
which structures do you find within the femoral triangle
femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
name the most lateral and most medial adductor muscles
medial: gracilis
lateral: pectineus
which nerve innervates most adductor muscles? which adductor muscle is innervated by something else?
obturator nerve; m pectineus is innervated by femoral nerve
which 2 adductor muscles have a fused tendon? common insertion where?
m gracilis and adductor brevis; insert at pubic bone
which adductor muscle is rectus abdominis linked/fused to?
adductor longus
if rectus abdominis is weak, which other muscle could it affect?
adductor longus
is scapulothoracic a true synovial joint?
no
origin and insertion of glenohumeral capsule?
O: rim fossa glendoidalis
I: anatomical collumn
is GH capsule thicker ventrally or dorsally?
ventrally
which rotator cuff muscle inserts on lesser tubercle of humerus?
subscapularis
whats bigliani classification?
acromion types (flat, curved, hooked, covex)
which muscle belly form biceps gets ruptured more commonly?
long head
which movements take place in talocrural joint?
dorsiflexion 30deg and plantarflexion 50deg
movements in subtakar/talocalcaneal joint/
inversion 20deg, eversion 5deg
where is plantaris muscle
under triceps surae muscles; part of posterior superficial compartment of the lower leg
what is fibularis longus and brevis also called?
peroneus muscle
deep posterior compartment of lower leg: describe how its composed
tom dick and very nervous harry
tom: tibials anterior
dick: digitorum flexor
and: posterior tibial artery
very: tibial vein
nervous: tibial nerve
harry: flexor hallucis longus
which condyle surface of femur is bigger?
medial
which structure stabilizes patella in place
patella retinaculum
which muscle around the knee is intra articular
m. popliteus (starts on tibia, inserts in knee pit post)
whats special about plantaris
small muscle belly, long tendon
part of post superficial layer
origin and insertion of ACL?
O: lateral condyle of femur
I: anterior side of medial tibial plateau
which 3 nerves go through the thigh
sciatic , femoral and obturator
what does sciatic nerve split into at knee cap
fibular aka peroneal nerve; and tibial nerve
which structures attach at lateral meniscus? which at medial
lateral: LCL, some fibers of ACL, muscle popliteus
medial: MCL, semimembranosus
during knee external rotation, which direction does lateral meniscus slide?
anteriorly
whats insertion of tranv abd, int oblique, ext oblique
linea alba
lacuna musculorum- describe composition
m iliopsoas
nerve femoralis
which 2 adductor muscles have a fused tendon? (insert on pubic bone)
m gracilis and m add brevis
