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KT 1.4 > Anatomy 1.4 > Flashcards

Anatomy 1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

whats the stabilising structure that helps maintain the longitudinal arch in the foot?

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

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2
Q

whats the ATFL

A

anterior tibiofibular ligament

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3
Q

is deltoid ligament medial or lateral of the foot?

A

medial

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4
Q

whats the joint between fibula and tibia called

A

syndesmosis

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5
Q

how many compartments are there in the lower leg? name them

A
  1. anterior, lateral, posterior superficial posterior deep
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6
Q

name the 3 different arches in the foot

A

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, cross arch

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7
Q

whats is pes cavus foot

A

high medial longitudinal arch

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8
Q

whats pes planus

A

flat foot

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9
Q

which structure helps maintain longitudinal arch in the foot

A

aponeurosis (tendon like structure)

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10
Q

name the fat pad behind achilles tendon

A

kager’s

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11
Q

name the fat pad in the knee

A

hoffas’ body

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12
Q

does medial or lateral condyle have bigger surface

A

medial

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13
Q

where do you find hoffas fat pad?

A

behind patellar ligament

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14
Q

function of hoffas fat pad?

A

shock absoprtion, protects knee

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15
Q

which ligament is not connected to the lateral meniscus?

A

lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

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16
Q

which of the ligaments around the knee is more flexible, which more stiff?

A

flexible: lateral collateral (LCL) and stiff: medial collateral (MCL)

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17
Q

which ligament and side of the knee is most commonly injured

A

medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus

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18
Q

is MCL connected to the meniscus?

A

yes

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19
Q

origin and insertion of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

O: lateral femur condyle
I: anterior part of tibial plateau

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20
Q

where does LCL insert

A

on fibula

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21
Q

is MCL or LML a thick ligament

A

MCL

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22
Q

which tibial plateau is bigger: medial or lateral

A

medial

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23
Q

whatsa bursae

A

a sac like structure

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24
Q

which nerve innervates hamstrings

A

sciatic nerve

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25
Q

which nerve innervates quadriceps

A

femoral nerve

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26
Q

what does sciatic nerve split into

A

common fibular (popliteal) nerve

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27
Q

name internal rotators of the knee

A

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

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28
Q

name external rotators of the knee

A

biceps femoris

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29
Q

describe where the cruciate and collateral ligaments are

A

collateral: on the sides of the meniscus. cruciate: in the tibial plateau

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30
Q

in knee extension, which ligaments are you putting under tension?

A

collateral and cruciate

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31
Q

which of the meniscus is C-shaped? which -Shaped

A

O-medial; C: lateral

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32
Q

where is there the most vascularisation in the meniscus

A

on the outside (red red zone)

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33
Q

if a patient has locking of the knee, what tear injury does he usually have?

A

bucket handle or flap tear injury

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34
Q

lateral collateral ligament is thin or thick?

A

thin

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35
Q

what do you palpate for Ottawa ankle rule

A

malleolus, 5th metatarsal, navicular bone

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36
Q

name the 4 bony landmarks that should be palpated with ottawa fracture rule

A

distal 6cm tibia/lateral malleolus and base 5th metatarsal (OAR); distal 6cm medial tibia/medial malleolus and navicular bone

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37
Q

name the different joints in the shoulder

A

GH, AC, and subacromial space between acromion and humeral head

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38
Q

name important landmarks on the humeral head

A

lesser and greater tubercle; inter-tubercular groove

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39
Q

where do rotator cuff muscles insert?

A

greater or lesser tubercle

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40
Q

where does the capsule insert in the shoulder?

A

anatomical neck of humeral head

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41
Q

which muscle tendon runs through intertubercular groove?

A

biceps brachii long head

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42
Q

name the fosse on the anterior side of the scapula

A

subscapularis fossa

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43
Q

whats top part of sternum called?

A

manubrium

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44
Q

whats the labrum in shoulder composed of? + function of labrum

A

a ring of fibrous cartilage; provides stability

45
Q

name an important bone which connects the arm-scapula-trunk

A

clavicle

46
Q

whats the capsule made up of?

A

synovial membrane (most outter part), fibrous membrane, tendons, ligaments

47
Q

function of m.subscapularis

A

internal rotation

48
Q

external rotators of the shoulder? and their insertion

A

teres minor, infraspinatus. I: greater tubercle

49
Q

biceops brachii muscles: origin?

A

long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; short head: coracoid process

50
Q

which of the biceps brachii tendons most commonly ruptures?

A

long head biceps brachii tendon

51
Q

which bone is known as atlas? which as axis?

A

C1: atlas; C2: axis

52
Q

which of the cervical vertebraes (spinous process) can you easily palpate?

A

C7 (and C2-axis as its the first bone that you can palpate in the cervical spine, below skull)

53
Q

do cervical vertebraes have articular facets for ribs?

A

no

54
Q

the orientation of facet joints of cervical vertebraes allows which movements?

A

rotations, flexion, ext, lateral bending

55
Q

which vertebral structure determines the movement the spine can make?

A

facet joints

56
Q

describe whats special about atlas (C1) structure wise

A

no vertebral body, no spinous process, 2 facets which articulate with the skull

57
Q

where do you not find intervertebral disc? what do you find instead?

A

between C0-C1 and C1-C2; synovia joint with a capsule and hyaline cartilage

58
Q

which vertebrae has a long spinous process?

A

C7

59
Q

split spinous process: typical for which spine vertebrae?

A

cervical

60
Q

where is dens of axis (C2) located: ventrally or dorsally

A

ventrally (anterior)

61
Q

where is transverse ligament in the spine?

A

behind dens of axis (C2)

62
Q

which ligament runs from C0 to C7? and what is its function?

A

nucheal ligament; prevents forward head posture

63
Q

inguinal ligament: origin and insertion?

A

O: ASIS, I: pubic bone

64
Q

which ligaments provides stability to SI joint? (3)

A

anterior sacroiliac lig.; sacrotuberous lig.; sacrospinous lig.

65
Q

origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

A

O: pubic symphysis; I: lower ribs 5-7

66
Q

which muscle is an important stabilisier in the trunk?

A

transversus abdominis

67
Q

describe the 3 layers of abdominals

A

obliqus externus, obliqus internus, transversus abdominis ( and rectus abdominis is most superficial on top)

68
Q

which structure separates the 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis

A

linea alba

69
Q

origin and insertion of quadratus lumborum

A

O: iliac crest
I: transverse process of L1-5 and 12th rib

70
Q

at what point is m psoas major and m.iliacus considered m.iliopsoas?

A

once they pass the inguinal ligament and share a tendon, inserting at lesser trochanter

71
Q

which is the deepest muscle of the back?

A

quadratus lumborum

72
Q

which core muscle is the deepest?

A

transversus abdominis

73
Q

which structure connects/links abdominal muscles to back muscles?

A

anterior thoracolumbar fascia

74
Q

which structures can you find below inguinal ligament?

A

iliopsoas tendon, femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein

75
Q

explain the lateral side of inguinal region: lacuna musculorum

A
76
Q

which ‘‘lacuna .. ‘’ is located most lateral?

A

lacuna musculorum

77
Q

which ‘‘lacuna .. ‘’ is most medial of inguinal ligament?

A

lacuna vasorum (femoral artery, femoral vein, m. pectineus)

78
Q

whats the inguinal triangle (hesselbachs triangle)

A

medial border: lateral margin of rectus abdominis muscle
superolateral border: inferior epigastric vessels
inferior border: inguinal ligament

79
Q

whats the femoral triangle

A

triangle composed of

superior: inguinal ligament
medial: m adductor longus
lateral: m sartorius

80
Q

which structures do you find within the femoral triangle

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

81
Q

name the most lateral and most medial adductor muscles

A

medial: gracilis
lateral: pectineus

82
Q

which nerve innervates most adductor muscles? which adductor muscle is innervated by something else?

A

obturator nerve; m pectineus is innervated by femoral nerve

83
Q

which 2 adductor muscles have a fused tendon? common insertion where?

A

m gracilis and adductor brevis; insert at pubic bone

84
Q

which adductor muscle is rectus abdominis linked/fused to?

A

adductor longus

85
Q

if rectus abdominis is weak, which other muscle could it affect?

A

adductor longus

86
Q

is scapulothoracic a true synovial joint?

A

no

87
Q

origin and insertion of glenohumeral capsule?

A

O: rim fossa glendoidalis
I: anatomical collumn

88
Q

is GH capsule thicker ventrally or dorsally?

A

ventrally

89
Q

which rotator cuff muscle inserts on lesser tubercle of humerus?

A

subscapularis

90
Q

whats bigliani classification?

A

acromion types (flat, curved, hooked, covex)

91
Q

which muscle belly form biceps gets ruptured more commonly?

A

long head

92
Q

which movements take place in talocrural joint?

A

dorsiflexion 30deg and plantarflexion 50deg

93
Q

movements in subtakar/talocalcaneal joint/

A

inversion 20deg, eversion 5deg

94
Q

where is plantaris muscle

A

under triceps surae muscles; part of posterior superficial compartment of the lower leg

95
Q

what is fibularis longus and brevis also called?

A

peroneus muscle

96
Q

deep posterior compartment of lower leg: describe how its composed

A

tom dick and very nervous harry

tom: tibials anterior
dick: digitorum flexor
and: posterior tibial artery
very: tibial vein
nervous: tibial nerve
harry: flexor hallucis longus

97
Q

which condyle surface of femur is bigger?

A

medial

98
Q

which structure stabilizes patella in place

A

patella retinaculum

99
Q

which muscle around the knee is intra articular

A

m. popliteus (starts on tibia, inserts in knee pit post)

100
Q

whats special about plantaris

A

small muscle belly, long tendon

part of post superficial layer

101
Q

origin and insertion of ACL?

A

O: lateral condyle of femur
I: anterior side of medial tibial plateau

102
Q

which 3 nerves go through the thigh

A

sciatic , femoral and obturator

103
Q

what does sciatic nerve split into at knee cap

A

fibular aka peroneal nerve; and tibial nerve

104
Q

which structures attach at lateral meniscus? which at medial

A

lateral: LCL, some fibers of ACL, muscle popliteus
medial: MCL, semimembranosus

105
Q

during knee external rotation, which direction does lateral meniscus slide?

A

anteriorly

106
Q

whats insertion of tranv abd, int oblique, ext oblique

A

linea alba

107
Q

lacuna musculorum- describe composition

A

m iliopsoas

nerve femoralis

108
Q

which 2 adductor muscles have a fused tendon? (insert on pubic bone)

A

m gracilis and m add brevis

KT 1.4 (8 decks)

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