Medical

Question 1

AVPU

Answer 1

A: Alert and Awake
V: Verbal Stimuli
P: Painful Stimuli
U: Unresponsive

Question 2

What are some causes of Altered Mental Status?

Answer 2

• Inadequate Oxygenation
• Inadequate Ventilation
• Overdose of Medication
• Poisoning
• Infection
• Psychological/Psychiatric Condition
• Diabetes

Question 3

AEIOU TIPS Mnemonic

Answer 3

A: Alcohol - note smell of alcohol
E: Endocrine - Consider electrolyte Imbalance
I: Infection - Consider Urinary infection in older adults
O: Opiates/Overdose: note if pupils are constricted
U: Uremia - note generalized edema
T: Trauma - consider head injury, excessive bleeding
I: Insulin - check blood glucose level
P: Poisoning - Observe environment for poisons
S: Stroke - note symptoms of a Stroke

Question 4

What is the total possible score on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

Answer 4

Lowest: 3
Highest: 15

Question 5

GCS Eye Opening

Answer 5

4. Spontaneous
5. To Verbal Stimuli
6. To Pain
7. No Response

Question 6

GCS Verbal

Answer 6

5. Oriented
6. Conversation confused, but can answer questions
7. Uses inappropriate words
8. Speech incomprehensible
9. No Response

Question 7

GCS Motor

Answer 7

6. Moves on Command
7. Moves purposefully responding to pain
8. Withdraws in response to pain
9. decorticate posturing (Flexion) in response to pain
10. Decerebrate posturing (Extension) in response to pain
11. No Response

Question 8

Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

Answer 8

Facial Drooping
Arm Drifting
Speaking Abnormality

Question 9

Grand Mal/Tonic Clonic Seizures

Answer 9

• Occurs without warning
• Tonic period lasts 10-30 seconds. body stiffens, arms flex.
• Clonic period lasts 30 seconds or longer, violent rhthmic jerking.

Question 10

Status Epilepticus

Answer 10

Tonic Clonic seizures that are characterized but a series of seizures with the intervening time being too short to regain consciousness. (Life Threatening).

Question 11

GI Bleed: Hematemesis/Coffee Ground Emesis

Answer 11

Upper GI Bleed

Question 12

GI Bleed: Melena (Dark, tarry, foul-smelling stool)

Answer 12

Upper GI Bleed

Question 13

GI Bleed: Hematochezia (bright bloody stool)

Answer 13

Lower GI Bleed or Massive Upper GI Bleed

Question 14

GI Bleed: Bright Blood about outside of stool

Answer 14

Hemorrhoids, Lower GI Bleed.

Question 15

Angina

Answer 15

Pain from temporary constriction/blockage of blood flow in the coronary arteries.

Question 16

Heart Attack

Answer 16

Blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle because of a blood clot

Question 17

True of False: geriatric and female patients may not have chest pain with a heart attack

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Common indicators of a Heart Attack

Answer 18

• Radiation of pain to the neck, jaw, arms, back, and/or stomach
• shortness of breath at rest with exertion, or worsening when lying flat
• Cold, Clammy skin is common
• Place in semi-fowlers position

Question 19

Routes of Poisoning

Answer 19

• Ingestion
• Inhalation
• Injection
• Absorption

Question 20

Vesicular

Answer 20

Normal low-pitched sound

Question 21

Bronchovesicular

Answer 21

Medium high-pitched sound heard over the Trachea

Question 22

Rales (crackles)

Answer 22

High-pitched crackles usually heard at the end of expiration. Usually indicating fluid in the alveoli

Question 23

Rhonchi

Answer 23

Deep rumbling sound. More prenounced on exhalation

Question 24

Wheezes

Answer 24

high or low-pitched whistling during expiration. signals asthma or foreign body obstruction

Question 25

stridor

Answer 25

crowing sound caused by inflammation and swelling of the larynx and trachea. common finding in croup