Mediastinum And Thorax

Question 1

Sternum contains:

Answer 1

Manubrium
Xiphoid process
Body
Sternal angle

Question 2

Rib contains:

Answer 2

7 true, vertebralsternal
3 false, vertebrochondrial
2 floating, free

Question 3

Superior thoracic aperture

Answer 3

Top round circle area

Question 4

Inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 4

Inferior circular area

Question 5

Costochondral joint

Answer 5

Rib and costal cartilage

Question 6

Interchondral joint

Answer 6

Cartilage at the false ribs

Question 7

Intercostal space

Answer 7

Space between ribs

Question 8

Spine contents and amounts

Answer 8

Cervical C1-C7
Thoracic T1-T12
Lumbar L1-L5
Sacral S1-S5 fused
Coccygeal fused

Question 9

Unique about thoracic vertebrae

Answer 9

Contain demifacets and articular facets for ribs

Question 10

Unique about cervical vertebrae

Answer 10

Only one with transverse foramena for vertebral arteries

Question 11

C1

Answer 11

Atlas
Holds head
No body
Articulates with occipital condyles

Flexon and extension

Question 12

C2

Answer 12

Axis

Odintoid peg/Dens

Rotational head movement

Question 13

Filum terminale

Answer 13

Extension of Pia mater from conus modular is.

Anchors spinal cord to coccyx

Question 14

Cauda Equina (Horses tail)

Answer 14

Dorsal and ventral roots of lumbar and sacral spinal nerves surrounding filum terminale

Question 15

Intervertebral discs

Answer 15

Connect vertebral bodies

All movements but limited range

Question 16

Annulus fibrosus

Answer 16

Outer layer of intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage holding vertebrae together

Question 17

Nucleus pulposus

Answer 17

Gel and fibers providing cushion and resistance to pressure

Question 18

Heads of ribs articulate with:

Answer 18

Facets and demifacets in vertebrae bodies

Question 19

Sternocoastal joints

Answer 19

Sternum and ribs

Question 20

Sterno chondrial joints

Answer 20

Sternum and cartilage

Question 21

Costo vertebral joints

Answer 21

Ribs and vertebrae

Question 22

3 layers of intercostal (bw ribs) muscles:

Answer 22

External intercostal - hands in pocket, up and out

Internal intercoastal

Innermost intercostal - exhalation, down and in

Question 23

Spinal bifida occulta

Answer 23

Hidden

Absence of the opening on the back

Possibly hairs growing, dimple, birthmark

Light symptoms, back pain, fatigue

Question 24

Meningocele IN Spinal bifida cyctica

Answer 24

Least common

Meninges protrude (sac/cyst) w CSF

Nerves not usually damaged
Little disability

Surgically close

Question 25

Meningomyelocele

Answer 25

Spinal bifida cyctica Meningeal membranes protrude thru cleft = visible sac/cyst Some degree of paralysis or loss of sensation

Question 26

Myeloshisis

Answer 26

Damaged meninges in Meningomyelocele exposed to environment

Question 27

Stenosis

Answer 27

Narrowing

Question 28

Endothoracic fascia

Answer 28

Walls of thoracic cavity

Question 29

Superior mediastinum contents

Answer 29

T1-T4 aortic arch, trachea, thymus, SVC, esophagus, thoracic duct, sympathetic chain, phrenic nerves, vagus nerves

Question 30

Posterior mediastinum

Answer 30

T5-T12 Vagus DATES ``` Descending aorta Any gouts vein. Thoracic duct Esophagus Sympathetic chain ```

Question 31

Middle mediastinum

Answer 31

Heart and phrenic nerves