Lungs & Thoracic Duct Flashcards
Pleural effusion
Fluid accumulation in pleura
Pulmonary embolism
An embolus (blood clot, fat globule, air bubble from a leg vein) blocks a pulmonary artery or one of its branches.
Obstruction of blood flow to lung - ventilated but not perfused w blood
Acute respiratory distress - large embolus
Pulmonary infarct - medium sized embolus that may block an artery
Pneumothorax
Air in pleural cavity (dark) between parietal and visceral.
I.e. Bullet, penetrating womb, fractured ribs, lung leakage,
Pleural rubs
Squeaking/grating sounds of dry pleural layers rubbing together
Segmentectomy
Removal of one or more segments
Pneumonectomy
Removal of entire lung
Another term for hepatorenal recess
Pouch of Morison
Pleuritis
Inflammation of pleura
Types: Hemothorax Hydrothorax (serous fluid) Chylothorax (lymph) Pyothorax (pus)
Pleural Rubs
Squeaking or grating sounds of dry pleural layers rubbing together heard via stethoscope.
Clinical sign of Pleuritis, pneumonia, or pulmonary embolism
Hemothorax
Blood entering pleural cavity, chest wound
Usually from injury of major intercostal vessel
Chylothorax
Lymph from a torn thoracic duct entering pleural cavity
Chyle = Pale, white/yellow lymph fluid w fat absorbed by intestine
Acute pleuritis
Sharp, stabbing pain, esp on exertion like climbing stairs
Azygous lobe
“Accessory” lobe, in the right lung of 1% of people.
Azygous vein arches over right lung apex and not over the right hilum (mediastinal surface)
Thoracentesis
Inserting a hypodermic needle thru an inter coastal space into pleural cavity to obtain pleural fluid or remove blood or pus.
Superior to rib to Avoid damage to intercostal nerve or vessels
Smokers lung
Accumulation of carbon particles
Enlarged and stretched alveoli
Thick septa. Due to CT replacing injured tissue
Thoracic duct
Largest lymph vessel
Located at posterior mediastinum
Enters thoracic cavity via aortic aperture in diaphragm
3 quarters of body drained
