Mediastinum

Question 1

What is in the pericardium?

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

The visceral cavity is within the pericardium which includes

Answer 2

serous membrane
Arterial mesocardium
Venous mesocardium

Question 3

The parietal pericardium is within the pericardium which includes

Answer 3

serous membrane

Fused to fibrous pericardium which fuses to central tendon of diaphragm and sternum

Question 4

Transverse sinus

Answer 4

Space between arterial and venous mesocardium

Question 5

Oblique sinus

Answer 5

Space between right and left pulmonary vein

Question 6

Blood supply for pericardium include the

Answer 6

Pericardial arteries
Pericardiocophrenic arteries
Musculophrenic arteries

Question 7

Nerve supply for pericardium

Answer 7

cranial nerve x
phrenic nerve
sympathetic trunk

Question 8

The apex of the heart sits ___ while the base of heart is situated ____

Answer 8

down and left

superior to apex

Question 9

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 9

External, Middle and Inner

Question 10

The external layer of the heart also known as ____

Answer 10

epicardium which includes visceral layers of serous pericardium and subserous layer of connective tissue

Question 11

The middle layer of the heart has ___

Answer 11

myocardium which the thickest layer with cardiac muscle tissue

Question 12

The inner layer of the heart known as the

Answer 12

endocardium which has endothelium

Question 13

What is the function for the annuli fibrosi?

Answer 13

rigid attachment for cardiac muscle fibers

Support for valves

Question 14

Diaphragmatic surface

Answer 14

Rests on diaphragm

Includes mostly less ventricle and small part of right

Question 15

Sternocostal surface

Answer 15

Faces anteriorly in mostly the right ventricle

Question 16

Left margin border

Answer 16

Left side of heart formed mostly of left ventricle and left auricle

Question 17

Inferior margin

Answer 17

Intersection of diaphragmatic and sternocostal surfaces formed mostly from right ventricle

Question 18

Superior border

Answer 18

Left and right atria and auricles

Question 19

Right coronary artery supply

Answer 19

Supplies the right atrium, right ventricle and posterior half of interventricular septum

Question 20

Right coronary artery branches into

Answer 20

artery to SA node, AV node, right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery

Question 21

Blood supply to the heart is via two coronary arteries which are off the ____.

Answer 21

ascending aorta

Question 22

The right coronary artery travels between___ and ___ to ____ and ends at ____.

Answer 22

Pulmonary trunk
Right auricle
Coronary Sulcus
Diaphragmatic surfaces

Question 23

The left coronary artery passes between ___ and ___

Answer 23

pulmonary trunk and left atrium

Question 24

Left coronary artery supplies

Answer 24

left atrium, left ventricle and anterior half of interventricular septum

Question 25

The left coronary artery branches into

Answer 25

anterior interventricular artery circumflex artery left marginal artery

Question 26

The coronary sinus is located in the posterior coronary sulcus which opens into the

Answer 26

right atrium as a direct continuation of the great cardiac vein

Question 27

Right atrium receives blood from

Answer 27

superior vena cava inferior vena cava Coronary Sinus Anterior cardiac veins

Question 28

Right atrium has a (thicker/thinner) wall than right ventricle

Answer 28

thinner

Question 29

The right atrium has two subchambers known as

Answer 29

main posterior cavity and anterior cavity

Question 30

What are four special components of the right ventricle?

Answer 30

Moderator band | Chordae tendinae

Question 31

Right ventricle has two valves:

Answer 31

tricuspid valve | Pulmonary valve

Question 32

left atrium receives blood from?

Answer 32

pulmonary veins

Question 33

Compared to right atrium, left atrium has a smaller and (thicker/thinner) wall.

Answer 33

thicker with pectinate muscles**

Question 34

The left ventricle has two valves:

Answer 34

aortic valve | mitral/bicuspid valve

Question 35

The left and right ventricle have papillary muscles, except the left has

Answer 35

2 large ones

Question 36

What are the two branches of ascending aorta?

Answer 36

two coronary arteries

Question 37

What are the three main branches of the aortic arch?

Answer 37

Brachiocephalic Left common carotid Left subclavian

Question 38

What marks the beginning and end of the descending aorta?

Answer 38

Beginning--> Sternal angle | End-->Front of thoracic vertebra 12

Question 39

Branches of the descending aorta

Answer 39

Paired intercostal arteries Paired subcostal arteries Two or more bronchial arteries Two to five esophageal arteries

Question 40

Internal thoracic artery starts ____ and descending lateral to sternum and branches into

Answer 40

``` root of neck Musculophrenic Superior epigastric Pericardiophrenic perforating branches ```

Question 41

Left and right brachiopcephalic veins formed from

Answer 41

internal jugular | subclavian

Question 42

The azygos system drains ____

Answer 42

most of blood from thoracic wall