Median and Ulnar Nerve Flashcards
ulnar nerve runs through what structure in the upper arm
arcade of struthers
what 2 muscles in the forearm is innervated by ulnar nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
What 4 muscles does the median nerve innervate in the hand
Lumbricals 1 and 2
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head)
Clinical presentation of ligament of struthers compression syndrome
Median nerve muscles affected, grip strength and wrist flexion weakness, benediction sign
what is affected in arcade of struthers injury
all ulnar innervated muscles
A positive froment’s sign indicates weakness in what muscle
Adductor pollicis
Median nerve runs ______ to the _______ and runs under the _______ of ________ at the _______ epicondyle of the humerus
Medial
Axillary artery
Ligament of struthers
Medial epicondyle
muscles involved in cubital tunnel syndrome
all muscles except flexor carpi ulnaris
froment’s sign
unable to adduct thumb and hold paper between thumb and forefinger indicating ulnar nerve injury
Clinical sign indicating AIN syndrome
Abnormal OK sign and difficulty forming a fist.
hypothenar muscles innervated by ulnar nerve
abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi
wartenberg’s sign
inability to adduct the pinky due to ulnar nerve injury
The anterior interosseous nerve branches from what nerve
Median nerve
nerve root origin of ulnar nerve
C8-T1
what nerve is spared in guyon’s canal injury
dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve
What muscles become weak in CTS
LOAF muscles Lumbricals 1 and 2 Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head)
muscles innervated by deep motor branch of ulnar nerve
palmaris brevis, dorsal interossei, lumbricals 3 and 4, adductor pollicis, deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
What are the 9 tendons in the carpal tunnel
Four flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
Four flexor digitorum profundus tendons
One flexor pollicis longus tendon
What is the ligament of struthers
Ligament that occurs in 1% of patients that connect medial epicondyle to a bone spur 3-6cm proximal
Borders of the carpal tunnel
Transverse carpal ligament and the carpal bones
What 4 muscles does median nerve innervate in forearm
Palmaris longus
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis
The first muscle affected in AIN syndrome
Flexor pollicis longus
What nerve is compressed in bicipital aponeurosis thickening
Median nerve
what branch of the ulnar nerve does not go through guyon’s canal?
dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve
Most common nerve entrapment of upper extremity
CTS
Muscles involved in AIN syndrome
Pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus (1 and 2)
martin-gruber vs riche-cannieu
martin-gruber is median AIN to ulnar nerve. Riche-cannieu is recurrent branch of median nerve in hand to deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve resulting in an all ulnar innervated hand.
What muscles and nerves are affected in pronator teres syndrome
Median nerve compression at heads of pronator teres affecting all median nerve innervated muscles except pronator teres
How many tendons and nerves are in the carpal tunnel
9 tendons and 1 nerve
mild vs moderate vs severe cts
mild = numbness worse during sleep. moderate = continuous numbness with decreased grip strength. severe = muscular atrophy and sensory loss
mild vs moderate vs severe cts on edx studies
mild = abnormal SNAP moderate = abnormal CMAP Severe = abnormal EMG
in martin gruber anastamosis, what muscles does median nerve innervate
adductor pollicis, abductor digiti minimi, dorsal interossei
What 4 muscles does the anterior interosseous nerve innervate
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Flexor digitorum profundus for fingers 1 and 2.
It is a pure motor nerve
Median nerve comes from what nerve roots
C5-T1
what is tardy ulnar nerve palsy due to?
distal humerus fracture
