Medial aspect

Question 1

how many are the medial layers who has described them

Answer 1

3 layers - Warren and Marshall

Question 2

Layer 1 is defined by_________

Answer 2

the fascia that invests the sartorius muscle / posteriorly is a fascial sheet that overlies the two heads of the gastrocnemius

Question 3

who lies between layers 1 and 2

Answer 3

gracilis and semitendinosus

Question 4

Layer 2 is the plane of the_________

Answer 4

superficial MCL

Question 5

superficial MCL consist of ____ and _____portions

Answer 5

• parallel

- oblique

Question 6

course of the parallel part (anterior) of sMCL

Answer 6

from sulcus of the medial epicondyle to 4.6 cm inferior to the tibial articular surface / immediately posterior to the insertion of the pes anserinus

Question 7

course of the oblique part (posterior) of sMCL

Answer 7

from the medial epicondyle and blend with layer 3 to form the posteromedial joint capsule

Question 8

according to Warren and Marshall layer 2 splits vertically, what is formed from the posterior part

Answer 8

The fibers posterior to the split run cephalad to the femoral condyle, from which transverse fibers run forward in the plane of layer 2 to the patella and form the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL)

Question 9

course of the MPFL

Answer 9

superior two-thirds of the medial patellar / distal to the adductor tubercle

Question 10

at the bottom of the medial edge of the patella which is the ligament

Answer 10

medial patellomeniscal ligament - connects the patella to the anterior horn of the medial meniscus

Question 11

layer 3

Answer 11

capsule of the knee joint

Question 12

Deep to the superficial MCL, layer 3 becomes thicker and forms_____

Answer 12

deep MCL

Question 13

course of the dMCL

Answer 13

from the femur to the midportion of the peripheral margin of the meniscus and tibia

Question 14

The posteromedial region formed by the merging of layers 2 and 3 is reinforced by 5 insertions of the semimembranosus tendon

Answer 14

• direct tendinous insertion on the posteromedial corner of the tibia
• tibial insertion deep to the superficial MCL
• blends with the oblique fibers of the superficial MCL
• doubles back to insert proximally in the capsule over the medial meniscus
• proximally and laterally across the posterior capsule and forms the oblique popliteal ligament (of Winslow)

Question 15

superficial MCL functions

Answer 15

• primary restraint against valgus stress
• a restraint to external rotation of the tibia
• weak restraint to anterior tibial translation in ACL-deficient knees

Question 16

The __________(1) of the superficial MCL are under tension from full extension to 90 degrees of flexion but become maximally taut at 45 to 90 degrees of flexion. During extension the _________(2) become taught

Answer 16

(1) anterior parallel fibers

(2) posterior fibers