Media Revision Flashcards
What is the hypodermic syringe model
The media acts like a syringe in which it injects messages, attitudes and beliefs into its audience. The audience are passive and powerless, therefore unwillingly accept these messages.
What do Fesback and Sanger argue?
A study that screen violence is an outlet for violent emotions
Boys fed diet of TV for 6 weeks. Those who had only seen aggressive TV were less agressive
What does Jock Young Argue?
A Study Seeing the effects of violence and the pain it causes makes us less likely to do it
What does Buckingham argue?
Looked at how children interpret media violence and had a sophisticated interpretation
What does Wood argue?
Children watching horror films after school used it as a male rite of passage
How is an audience not Homogenous?
Age, class, maturity, intellect, culture, family background, parental controls
What is Scapegoating?
Scapegoat theory refers to the tendency to blame someone else for one’s own problems. Peers, drugs, mental illness
What is cumberbatch’s critisism of the hypodermic syringe model?
It assumes audiences are passive and gullible but people are active thinking human beings.
There is no systematic evaluation and has a lynch mob mentality
What are the three active audience forms?
Two-step flow model
Uses and gratification model
Selective filter model
What does Katz and Lazarsfeld say on the the two step flow model?
Found media audiences are not directly affected by the media. Instead, audiences adopt a certain opinion after discussion with a group leader
What do Blumer & McQuail say on the Uses and Gratification model?
They suggest people use the media actively to fulfil their own personal needs which is dependant on class, age and gender. The ways individuals use the media includes diversions, personal identity, personal relationship and surveillance
What does Klapper say on the selective filter model?
There are 3 filters people apply when interpreting the media:
Selective Exposure - People choose what they want to expose themselves to in the media
Selective perception - People may choose to accept or reject a media message depending on whether or not it fits their own views
Selective retention - People will forget material that is not in line with their views and interests
What are the two forms of passive audiences
Hypodermic syringe Model
Cultural Effects model
What is the cultural effects model?
A marxist model by GMG that believes the media transmits capitalist norms and values through a slow ‘drip drip’ affect
What are the four affects of violence in the media?
Imitation - Exposure to violences causes children to copy what they see
Catharsis - Media violence does not make audiences more aggressive, but instead reduces violence
Desensitization - Repeated exposure to media violence has a gradual drip drip effect
Sensitization - Exposure to media violence can make people more sensitive to the consequences
