MEDIA-RADIO

Question 1

PBS

Answer 1

A service that is intend to benefit the public rather than being more commercial

Question 2

Commercial broadcasting

Answer 2

A service that intends to make money using adverts to promo things

Question 3

Commercial radio station

Answer 3

Kiss, Capital, heart

Question 4

BBC Charter

Answer 4

This is a set of rules that is set by the government that the BBC has to follow when they make a new programme or show

Question 5

Licence Fee

Answer 5

This is a fee that an audience pay so that they can have channels and have access to these channels

Question 6

Ofcom

Answer 6

Is the regulator of British Radio Broadcasters

Question 7

Regulation/Regulators

Answer 7

“Media regulation” refers to the process by which a range of specific, often legally binding, tools are applied to media systems and institutions to achieve established policy goals such as pluralism, diversity, competition, and freedom

Question 8

Self regulation/Self regulator

Answer 8

A self-regulator is someone that regulates media for themselves they filter out what they want to see and not what they want to see

Question 9

Analogue Broadcasting

Answer 9

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Question 10

Digital Broadcasting

Answer 10

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Question 11

DAB

Answer 11

Digital audio broadcasting (DAB), also known as digital radio and high-definition radio, is audio broadcasting in which analog audio is converted into a digital signal and transmitted on an assigned channel in the AM or (more usually) FM frequency range.

Question 12

Audio Streaming

Answer 12

A one-way audio transmission over a data network. It is widely used to listen to audio clips and radio from the Internet on computers, tablets and smartphones.

Question 13

Podcast

Answer 13

a digital audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to a computer or mobile device, typically available as a series, new installments of which can be received by subscribers automatically.

Question 14

Linear Broadcast

Answer 14

when the viewer listens to the podcast or radio station at the time of the programme

Question 15

Time shift

Answer 15

when they listen at a different time of the original podcast

Question 16

Magazine Programme

Answer 16

Magazines combine both the spoken and musical items
making it entertaining and interesting. with a purpose to inform. The magazine program is a mixture of topics, contributors and ways of presenting them, using various techniques. It is a program, which taps the resources of speech and music

Question 17

Blind Medium

Answer 17

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Question 18

Companion Medium

Answer 18

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Question 19

intimate Medium

Answer 19

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Question 20

Undemanding Medium

Answer 20

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Question 21

Community Radio

Answer 21

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Question 22

Speech based radio station

Answer 22

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Question 23

Talk radio

Answer 23

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Question 24

Contributors

Answer 24

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Question 25

Power and Media Industries theory

Answer 25

Curran and Seaton
* The idea that the media is controlled by a small number of large companies primarily driven by the logic of profit and power.
• The idea that the concentration of power and control of sectors of the media in a small number of media conglomerates generally limits or inhibits variety, creativity and quality.
• The idea that more socially diverse patterns of ownership help to create the conditions for more varied and adventurous media productions.
• In a nutshell: If we had more of a variety of media companies, we’d have more of a variety of texts.

Question 26

Regulation theory

Answer 26

Living Stone and Lunt
The idea that there is an underlying struggle in recent UK regulation policy between the need to further the interests of citizens (by offering protection from harmful or offensive material), and the need to further the interests of consumers (by ensuring choice, value for money, and market competition).
The idea that the increasing power of global media corporations, together with the rise of convergent media technologies and transformations in the production, distribution and marketing of digital media, have placed traditional approaches to media regulation at risk.
In a nutshell: - Who is regulation FOR? Can regulation keep up with new technologies?

Question 27

Cultural Industries Theory

Answer 27

Hesmondhalgh
The idea that cultural industry companies try to minimise risk and maximise audiences through vertical and horizontal integration, and by formatting their cultural products (e.g. through the use of stars, genres, and serials). The idea that the largest companies or conglomerates now operate across a number of different cultural industries. The idea that the radical potential of the internet has been contained to some extent by its partial incorporation into a large, profit-orientated set of cultural industries.

In a nutshell: - Industry uses tried and tested strategies to appeal to us - but we should be concerned
that only a few companies hold a lot of power.

Question 28

Reception Theory

Answer 28

stuart Hall
Cultural theorist Stuart Hall describes representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things. Hall developed the idea that communication is a process involving encoding by producers and decoding by audiences. He stated that there are three hypothetical positions from which messages and meanings may be decoded: the preferred reading, the negotiated reading or the oppositional reading. The preferred reading is the producer’s intended message, the negotiated is when the audience understand the message but adapt it to suit their own values and the oppositional is where the audience disagrees with the preferred meaning. In a nutshell: producers want audiences to respond in a particular way to a text. Some audiences do (preferred reading), some audiences don’t (oppositional reading) and some are in the middle (negotiated reading).

Question 29

Fandom and Participatory Culture Theory

Answer 29

Henry Jenkins
The idea that fans are active participants in the construction and circulation of textual meanings. The idea that fans appropriate texts and read them in ways that are not fully authorised by the media producers (‘textual poaching’). The idea that fans construct their social and cultural identities through borrowing and inflecting mass culture images, and are part of a participatory culture that has a vital social dimension.
In a nutshell: - The Internet has allowed fans to gather and create their own texts and easily share their work. Instead of just consuming the texts, audiences are also creating them.

Question 30

End of Audience Theory

Answer 30

Clay Shirky
The idea that the Internet and digital technologies have had a profound effect on the relations between media and individuals. The idea that the conceptualisation of audience members (i.e. seeing them…) as passive consumers of mass media content is no longer tenable (relevant/appropriate/correct) in the age of the internet, as media consumers have a now become producers who ‘speak back to’ the media in various ways, as well as creating and sharing content with one another. In a nutshell: - We are now more likely to use the Internet and other technologies to respond to texts, including creating our own.