Media Industries Terminology Flashcards
Convergence
2 or more types of media coming together / combination of platforms onto one device ( phone is now an alarm, camera etc)
Synergy
Different elements of a company working together to promote related products
Concentration of media ownership
The process by which an increasingly small number of companies own most media outlets / combining elements to maximise profits
Cross media ownership
When a company produces 2 or more different types of media
Conglomerate
A large parent company which owns a range of smaller companies
Subsidiary
Smaller companies owned by a parent company
Oligopoly
When a market is dominated by a small amount of companies
Horizontal integration
When a media company owns several businesses in the same sector of industry
Vertical integration
A single company controls both the production and supply of a company
Distribution
How people get hold of a product
How can distribution be linked with horizontal integration?
Distribution links with horizontal integration as conglomerates can buy their distributor and keep the profiles within their company
What is above the line advertising?
Where mass media is used to promote brands and target consumers
Where is above the line advertising commonly used?
On television, radio, in print media and on the internet
What is the target audience of above the line advertising?
Wider audience
Not specific to individuals
What is below the line advertising?
Where more one to one advertising is used
Such as distribution of pamphlets, stickers & brochures etc
What does below the line advertising involve?
Product demos, sampling at busy places like shopping centres and market places
What is the target audience of below the line advertising?
Niche
Specialised
Smaller as not on internet etc
Name 2 advantages of horizontal integration
Profits are shared out between companies
Smaller companies are recognised
Shared costs
Name 2 disadvantages of horizontal integration
Smaller/ independent companies can be put out of business
The larger the company, the more intervention from government
Hard to manage as constantly producing good content in a range of brands can be difficult
What are 3 advantages if vertical integration?
Company owns all of the chain production and distribution, so they get more profit
Gives producer access to the distributors existing customer base
Eliminates cost of external companies
Breeds loyalty of employees to the company
Name 1 disadvantages of vertical integration
One company gets all the profits, meaning smaller companies suffer/ go out of business
Regulation
In media, this is the control or guidance of mass media by the government and other bodies
For example, regulation might give the public guidance about the age group that should be allowed to view something
